Chapter 4/5 (#2) Flashcards
Intracellular Membranes
- synthesis, storage, transport/ export molecules
ER:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER (SER)
- tubular
- synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, vitamin D
- detox of poisons
Rough ER (RER)
- flattened sacs ribosomes
- synthesis of PROTEINS
Transport Vesicles
-membrane sacs, carry ER products
Golgi Apparatus
- parallel flattened compartments
- packages lipids/ proteins
-DIRECTS transport to other sites
(mailman of cell)
Lysosomes
- permanent vesicles
- contain digestive ENZYMES
_______ recycle worn out cell parts,
break down ingested debris
Lysosomes
Peroxisome
- breaks DOWN hydrogen peroxide
- H2O2 can damage cell
- H2O2 is byproduct of rxns
Mitochondrion
- provides energy for cellular activities
- breakdown carbon containing molecules
- process is called AEROBIC RESPIRATION*
Mitochondria are MOST abundant in cells with a…
- high activity level
- muscle cells have MOST mitochondria
Mitochondria have their OWN…
- DNA
- ribosomes
- reproductive cycle
Specialized Structures
-only found in certain cell types
Plastids
- found in plants AND protistans
- harvest solar energy
- store materials
Chloroplasts
- convert solar energy into chemical energy in form of CARBON compounds…
- photosynthesis
- have their own DNA
- originated via endosymbiosis
Chromoplasts
- give color to fruits/flowers
- store yellow, orange, red pigments
Leucoplasts
-colorless storage organelles
store starch granules, lipids, proteins
Large Central Vacuole
- contains H2O, storage products
- reduces the volume of active cytoplasm &
- increases the cells SA/V ratio
- pressure of H2O keeps cells inflated that prevents wilting
Some Large Central Vacuole contain…
1) poisons that protect plants from animals
2) rubber or opium
Contractile Vacuole
- collets H2O, pumps out
- found in FRESH water protistans
Flagellum
- found in SOME protista
- long, whip-like
ex. sperm cells
Cilia
- many short projections
- found in SOME protista
ex. found in respiratory tract
Cell Walls
- surround PLANT cells
- cellulose in PLANTS
- found in archaea, bacteria, fungi, protista
Extracellular Matrix
- produced by most animal cells
- fibrous proteins/polysaccharides
- surround cells
- glues cells to one another
ex. bones
