Organic
w/ carbon
Inorganic
lack carbon
Carbons key characteristic?
its bonding versatilely
Biological molecules are?
chains or rings of carbon
Functional Groups
small clusters of atoms that import chemical properties to MOLECULES they’re attached to
***Carboxyl Group
(-COOH)
- functional group
- weak organic ACID like vinegar
***Methyl Group
(-CH3)
- functional group
- hydrophobic, found in fats/oils
Carbohydrates
- energy reserves
- structural components
Monosaccharides
- simple sugars
- many have formula “C6 H12 O6”
- ex. glucose, fructose
Sugars are a chain of?
carbon
Disaccharides
TWO simple sugars linked together
Sucrose
- disaccharide
ex. glucose, fructose
Lactose
- disaccharide
ex. galactose, glucose
see a word ending in “ose” think _____
sugar
see a word ending in “ase” think…
enzymes
Polysaccharides
- chains of simple sugars
ex. cellulose, chitin
Starch
-polymer of glucose
Plants produce _____
starch
ex. energy reserves of PLANTS
Monomer
individual subunit of polysaccharides
Polymer
LONG chain, similar subunits of polysaccharides
Glycogen
- highly branched polysaccharide
- energy reserve in ANIMALS
C
atomic #?
atomic mass?
C
- atomic # = 6
- atomic # = 12
Cellulose
- LONG chains of glucose
- Hbonded to each other
Cell walls in PLANTS made of _____
cellulose
Chitin (kite-in)
structural material in shells of crustaceans
Lipids
- energy storage molecules
- fats, steroids, oils
- waterproof covering around cells
a gram of lipids contains _____ the energy as carbs
twice
Triglycerides
- fats and oils
- each molecule contains a 3 -C Glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acids
Saturated Fats
all CARBON atoms are bonded w/ at least 2 HYDROGENS
Unsaturated Fats
- one or more DOUBLE bonds btwn atoms
- HEALTHIER then saturated fats
Monounsaturated Fats
- one double bond
- monounsaturated healthier then poly
Polyunsaturated Fats
several DOUBLE bonds
Waxes
form waterproof coating on leaves, bark, fruit, feathers
Phospholipids
- makes part of the molecule water soluble
- components of cell membrane
Steroids
- made of FOUR interconnected rings of CARBON atoms
ex. sex hormones, vitamins, cholesterol
Structural Protein
found in hair, nails, skin
Regulatory Protein
- regulate how often cells dived,
- regulates process in body
Enzyme Protein
catalyst, speed up chemical reactions in body
Antibodie Protein
-protect some animals from disease
Polypeptides Protein
-made up of amino acids
***20 common amino acids
______ are the building blocks of proteins
Polypeptides
The human body has _____ proteins
25 - 30,000
Way a protein bends/ folds determines its _____
- function
- if bent wrong way, can cause damage/illness
Nucleotides
- monomers
- phosphate group
- 5-carbon sugar
- nitrogen containing base
The nucleotide ATP is the main energy….
TRANSFER substance in cells
Nucleiac Acids are p____
are polymers
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
-stores hereditary info
***ORDER of 4 bases in DNA is key: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
Structure of DNA…
- twisted helix
- hydrogen bonds
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- aids in usage of DNA info
- made IN nucleus of DNA*
- has same info as DNA
DNA molecules and chromosomes are divided…
into many genes
neutrons are…
NEUTRAL
neutrons =
atomic mass - atomic #
evidence darwin and wallace studied…
- fossils, made them think of extinction
- continental drift, changes of landscape
CO and CO2 are…
inorganic
If you know only the number of electrons in the outer shell of a neutral atom, which of the following properties could you accurately conclude…
bonding characteristics
of protons and electrons are ____ in atom
equal