Chapter 8 (PART 1)

Question 1

Cell & Life Cycles…

Answer 1

1) growth
2) wound repair
3) reproduction
4) cell division

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

• contain info

- CONSTRUCT each part of the cell

Question 3

Eukaryotic nucleus directs…

Answer 3

1) events in the cell
2) whole organisms
3) life cycle

Question 4

Prokaryotes

Answer 4

-long, circular DNA molecule

Question 5

Eukaryotes, vary in _____, _____, and _____

Answer 5

numbers, shapes, sizes

Question 6

Linear DNA is wrapped around…

Answer 6

-histones

= balls of protein

Question 7

In early stages of nuclear division, chromosomes consist of…

Answer 7

two IDENTICAL sister chromatids held together at CENTROMERE

Question 8

Sister Chromatids

Answer 8

two identical copies of A chromatid

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

part of chromosome that LINKS sister chromatids

Question 10

Chromosomal ________ is essential part of cell cycle

Answer 10

duplication

Question 11

Prokaryotes divide by _______ ______

Answer 11

binary fission

Question 12

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Answer 12

1) interphase

2) m phase

Question 13

Interphase includes THREE growth phases…

Answer 13

1) G1 Phase
2) S Phase
3) G2 Phase

Question 14

G1 Phase

Answer 14

-cell parts replicated

Question 15

S Phase

Answer 15

-DNA is synthesized/replicated

Question 16

G2 Phase

Answer 16

• cells replicated

- cells prepare to divide

Question 17

M Phase

Answer 17

-period of cell division

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

-process of nuclear division

Question 19

FOUR phases of Mitosis

Answer 19

1) anaphase
2) metaphase
3) prophase
4) telephase

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

• chromosomes condense
• nucleus disappears
• mitotic spindle forms
• chromosomes MIXED up

Question 21

Late Prophase

Answer 21

• nuclear envelope disappears

- spindle attaches to CHROMOSOMES at centromere

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

-chromosomes align in MIDDLE of cell

Question 23

Anaphase

Answer 23

• centromeres DIVIDE

- 2 chromatids are pulled apart by SPINDLE

Question 24

Telephase

Answer 24

-chromosomes arrive at opposite poles

nuclear envelopes REappear around each set of chromosomes

-spindle dissolves

Question 25

Cytokinesis

Answer 25

- division of cytoplasm | - differs in plant & animal cells

Question 26

Animal Cells

Answer 26

- divide from OUTSIDE in | - ring pinches cell, forming trench that splits cell

Question 27

Plant Cells

Answer 27

- divide from INSIDE out - central cell plate forms - splits cell

Question 28

Life Cycle of eukaryotes: process which...

Answer 28

young individual matures/reproduces

Question 29

ALL clones produced by ______

Answer 29

mitosis

Question 30

Some animals reproduce asexually by

Answer 30

budding / regeneration

Question 31

Many organisms can switch between ______ & ______ reproduction

Answer 31

sexual & asexual

Question 32

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 32

fusion of gametes (sex cell), produced in specialized structures

Question 33

Ovaries

Answer 33

- produce eggs | - found in animals & flowering plants

Question 34

Sperm are produced in the _____ of animals & ______ of flowering plants

Answer 34

testes / anthers

Question 35

In some species, each individual produces only one kind of gamete, but in

Answer 35

many species, each adult can produce BOTH kinds

Question 36

Fertilization

Answer 36

- results in single cell Zygote | - hereditary info from both parents unite

Question 37

Zygote undergoes development...

Answer 37

period of rapid mitosis & cellular specialization

Question 38

In animals, gametes come from _____ cells

Answer 38

germ

Question 39

GERM CELLS***

Answer 39

- REPRODUCTIVE cell found in reproductive organ | - becomes GAMETES

Question 40

SOMATIC CELLS***

Answer 40

- BODY cells | - everything BUT reproductive cells