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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (32)
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1
Q

Cells break down glucose using ______ into ___, ____ and most importantly ATP***

A

oxygen, C02, water

2
Q

All use the SAME metabolic pathways for harvesting energy

A
  • animals
  • fungi
  • plants
  • protisa
3
Q

Major metabolic pathway requires…

A

O2 which produces GREAT amounts of ATP

4
Q

In absence of O2, some cells still harvest energy, but…

A

yield is lower

5
Q

_____ flows through ecosystems

A

Energy

6
Q

Plants harvest sunlight through…

A
  • photosynthesis
  • energy stored in carbs
  • used for plant growth
7
Q

Heterotrophs consume, directly or indirectly…

A
  • energy stored by PLANTS

ex. herbivores, carnivores

8
Q

Cellular metabolism converts stored…

A

CHEMICAL energy into forms useful to cell

9
Q

ATP

A

-energy molecule that POWERS chemical reactions in cell

10
Q

ATP & ADP are related _______

A
  • compounds

- different in # of phosphates

11
Q

Phosphorylation

A
  • transfer phosphate TO molecule

- energizes recipient MOLECULE, allows chemical reactions

12
Q

Transferring e- also transfers…

A

ENERGY in cell

13
Q

In biological systems, energy carriers transfer _______ & _______

A

e- and H+

14
Q

e- carriers include _____

A
  • NADH
    ex. linx bus

NAD + 2e- + H+ —-> NADH

15
Q

Energy harvest occurs through the ______ OR _______ pathway

A

aerobic OR anaerobic

16
Q

Aerobic Pathway happens in ______, ______ and _____ _____

A
  • E.T.C.
  • glycolysis,
  • Krebs Cycle
17
Q

Glycolysis***

A
  • splits glucose into TWO pyruvate molecules
  • takes place in CYTOPLASM
  • 2 ATP per glucose
  • 2 NADH’s
18
Q

Mitochondria is the site of _____ & ______

A
  • krebs cycle

- E.T.C.

19
Q

Outer Membrane

A

-allow pyruvate & NADH to ENTER

20
Q

Inner Membrane

A
  • Christae, has molecules E.T.C & ATP

- synthesizes ENZYMES

21
Q

Inner Compartment contains…

A
  • DNA
  • ribosomes
  • enzymes of KREBS CYCLE
22
Q

Krebs Cycle breaks…

A

down ORGANIC molecules besides glucose

23
Q

E.T.C

A

1) e- from NADH & FADH2 passed in chain, flowing DOWN energy gradient
2) energy RELEASED by e- transfers goes into synthesis of ATP

24
Q

***O2 is the final…

A

e- ACCEPTOR in E.T.C.

-combines with e- and H+, forming H2O

25
Q

Anaerobic Pathway happens in _____ & _____

A

Glycolysis & Fermentation

26
Q

ALL organisms have enzymes of….

A

glycolysis

27
Q

During Fermentation, pyruvate is modified with….

A

NO further release of energy

28
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation**

A

pyruvate —> ETHANOL

(2-C) + CO2

 ex baking, making drinks
29
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation**

A

pyruvate —> LATIC ACID

3-C

30
Q

Muscle cells rely on _____ _____ _______ when O2 supplies are low

A

lactic acid fermentation

31
Q

Fermentation yields 0 ATP BUT…

A

recycles NAD+ from NADH, which is required for glycolysis

32
Q

Fermentation is crucial to the recycling of…

A

carbon & stability of environment