Chapter 4 / 5

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

• smallest living units

- display ALL properties of life

Question 2

Cells were discovered in 1600’s by ______ (in cork)

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living single-______

Answer 3

-celled organisms

Question 4

3 Basic Parts Of A Cell

Answer 4

1) cytoplasm
2) nucleus
3) plasma membrane

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

-controls what goes in/out of cell

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

• controls cells functions

- stores DNA

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

• contains organelles that carry out special functions, everything w/in membrane EXCLUDING nucleus
• 70% water

Question 7

Cells surface area to _____ sets the upper limit to its size

Answer 7

volume ratio

Question 8

Greater the # of ACTIVE cytoplasm the…

Answer 8

-more materials used / wastes produced

Question 9

Plasma membrane is made up of

Answer 9

lipids & proteins

Question 10

Greater the surface area the….

Answer 10

FASTER substances are exchanged

Question 11

As a cell’s diameter increases its volume…

Answer 11

it grows faster than SURFACE area

-perfect sphere has maximum volume

Question 12

Cells w/ altered shapes may get around _____

Answer 12

constraint

ex. long thin nerve cells

Question 13

Cell Theory

Answer 13

1) all living things are made of one or MORE cells
2) all cells came from PREEXISTING cells
3) basic living units w/i ORGANISMS

Question 14

Prokaryotes lack a

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

Eukaryotes are LARGER then

Answer 15

prokaryotes

Question 16

Eukaryotes contain

Answer 16

MEMBRANE-bound nucleus + other organelles

Question 17

Colonial- consists of

Answer 17

1) cluster of cells

2) survive independently

Question 18

Multicellular - cells usually perform

Answer 18

specialized tasks

ex. Plants + Animals

Question 19

Fluid Mosaic Model**

Answer 19

1) phospholipids make up bulk of membrane
2) DESCRIBES structure of cell membrane***
3) proteins are embedded in the lipid BILAYER

Question 20

Each phospholipid has a _______ _____ & ______

Answer 20

HYDROPHOBIC head & tail

Question 21

When surrounded by H2O, phospholipids align as

Answer 21

-lipid bilayer

part of molecule likes water, part DOES NOT

Question 22

Membrane fluidity varies among…

Answer 22

cells specialized for certain environments

 ex. penguins on ice, lipids RESIST freezing

Question 23

Selectively Permeable:

Answer 23

things pass through membrane

Question 24

Diffuse through membranes?

Answer 24

INORGANIC molecules, very small

Question 25

Substances that pass through membranes?

Answer 25

FAT-soluble organic substances

Question 26

Compounds that pass through certain membrane PROTEINS

Answer 26

WATER-soluble organic

Question 27

Endocytosis

Answer 27

-move INTO cell of large molecule

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

-removal waste of proteins, OUTSIDE cell

Question 29

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 29

- DOUBLE-layered membrane | - surrounds nucleus

Question 30

Genetic info passes from DNA ---> ___ --->______

Answer 30

RNA ----> proteins

Question 31

Pores in membrane allow...

Answer 31

RNA to escape

Question 32

______ carry out work of cell

Answer 32

proteins

Question 33

Chromosomes

Answer 33

form when DNA + protein change at start of cell division

Question 34

______ makes Ribosomal RNA

Answer 34

nucleolus

Question 35

Ribosomes

Answer 35

site of PROTEIN synthesis

Question 36

Cytoskeleton

Answer 36

- 3D structure fibers - keeps cell’s shape - moves materials in cell

Question 37

3 Types of Fiber

Answer 37

1) microtubules 2) microfilaments 3) intermediate filaments

Question 38

Microfil A ments

Answer 38

-made of protein actin

Question 39

Actin

Answer 39

MOLECULES in unrelated organisms are similar, suggests ancient origin

Question 40

Microtubules

Answer 40

-hollow tubes of protein TUBLIN

Question 41

Spindle Apparatus

Answer 41

-moves CHROMOSOMES around during mitosis

Question 42

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 42

- keratin + other proteins - nails, hair, feathers, skin - reinforcement