NEW 1

Question 1

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 1

chromosome pairs w/ DIFFERENT members in female & male

• determine sex
• develop sexual characteristics

Question 1

Females have 2 __ chromosomes

Answer 1

X

Question 2

Males have one __ & __ chromosome

Answer 2

X & Y

Question 3

Size of chromosome Y?

Answer 3

small

Question 4

Size of chromosome X?

Answer 4

LARGE, heavier

Question 5

Autosomes

Answer 5

• both pairs of chromosomes look SAME in both sexes

- everything BUT sex chromosomes

Question 6

Gender is linked to:

Answer 6

SEX chromosomes

Question 7

Genes on X chromosome are “__-linked”

Answer 7

X-linked

Question 8

Genes on Y chromosome are “__ -linked

Answer 8

Y-linked

Question 9

Male-determining gene is on __ ____ chromosome

Answer 9

Y linked

Question 10

Linkage

Answer 10

genes on same chromosome INHERITED together

Question 11

C/O reduces…

Answer 11

linkage

Question 14

Albinism

Answer 14

-autosomal recessive

Question 15

FUTHER apart 2 genes are on chromosome the…

Answer 15

more likely they’re separated by c/o

Question 16

Frequency of C/O is used in _____ ______

Answer 16

genetic mapping

Question 17

Genes ADDRESS on chromosome

Answer 17

locus

Question 18

Chromosome are aligned like…

Answer 18

beads on string

Question 19

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 19

• respiratory disease: produces mucus
• autosomal recessive
• most common in caucasians
  treatments: chest precautions

Question 20

Recessive disorders on “X” mostly show up in _____ bc:

Answer 20

males

: have only 1 X chromosome

Question 21

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (PAH)

Answer 21

breaks down phenylalanine

Question 22

Red/Green Color Blind

Answer 22

• X recessive

- only MALES

Question 23

Ppl w/2 recessive alleles CANT…

Answer 23

make PAH

(phenylalanine hydroxylase)

Question 24

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 24

• X link RECESSIVE
• missing MEMBRANE protein
• MALES only
• muscle degeneration
• females can carry allele and pass to son

Question 25

Build up of phenylalanine causes nerve cells in brain to…

Answer 25

develop abnormally

Question 26

Progeria

Answer 26

- aging disorder | ex. movie JACK

Question 27

Children w/ PKU may suffer from mental disabilities unless...

Answer 27

phenylalanine intake restricted

Question 28

Most genes encode proteins w/ necessary _______....

Answer 28

functions Ex. -enzymes: mutations ALTER genes, disorder can result

Question 29

Turner Syndrome

Answer 29

- CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME # during meiosis - person has XO - missing CHROMOSOME

Question 30

Hemophilia

Answer 30

- X link recessive - missing gene/protein - no BLOOD CLOT factor

Question 31

Missing proteins are...

Answer 31

needed to survive PKU (missing enzyme) Hemophilia (missing clotting factor)

Question 32

Many traits are polygenic having...

Answer 32

- many genes | ex. Limb length, Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 33

Humans are difficult genetic subjects bc...

Answer 33

1) cant control mating 2) never true F2 generation 3) have few children 4) LONG generation times

Question 34

Genetic principles that apply to other organisms also apply to _______

Answer 34

humans

Question 35

Pedigree - diagram that shows

Answer 35

- family relationships - birth order - gender - phenotype - sometimes genotype

Question 36

Allows geneticist to determine if trait is dominant, recessive, autosomal, or x-linked

Answer 36

pedigree

Question 37

Autosomal recessive traits, such as PKU aren't expressed in...

Answer 37

heterozygous carriers -appear equally in male/females

Question 38

MOST genetic conditions are __________ ______

Answer 38

autosomal recessive

Question 39

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 39

- DOMINANT autosomal - leads to death - 35-50 yrs old - degeneration/death of nerve cells

Question 40

Allele passes from an afflicted parent to an afflicted child in __________ disorder

Answer 40

huntington's

Question 41

Disorder caused by base sequence CAG repeated over & over near the start of the gene

Answer 41

huntington's

Question 42

In huntington's disorder the greater # of repeats, earlier it strikes the...

Answer 42

more severe it becomes

Question 43

Dominant lethal alleles are ____

Answer 43

rare

Question 44

Klinefelter

Answer 44

- CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME # during meiosis - 3 chromromses (XXY) MALE - sterile MALE - long limbs - low verbal skills/IQ

Question 45

Homozygous don’t survive...

Answer 45

fetal development

Question 46

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 46

- autosomal recessive - black ppl effected - affects hemoglobin

Question 47

Heterozygotes usually die before __________

Answer 47

reproducing -EXCEPT HUNGINHTON'S

Question 48

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 48

- autosomal recessive - CANT break down phenylalanine - missing protein - mental shortage - NO cure - treatment: don’t eat phenylalanine

Question 49

Arranging chromosomes in sequence by size:

Answer 49

karyotype