Body Organization

Question 1

What are the levels of body organization?

Answer 1

cells
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 2

What is anatomy?

Answer 2

study of body structure

Question 3

What is physiology?

Answer 3

study of body function

Question 4

What is homeostasis?

Answer 4

body systems and processes maintain stability

Question 5

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 5

outer layer
- semi-permeable

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

liquid containing cell’s structure

Question 7

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 7

makes ATP for the cell

Question 8

What is the nucleus?

Answer 8

structure that contains chromosomes (DNA)

Question 9

What is DNA?

Answer 9

carrier of genetic instructions in all living things

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

portion of DNA that determines a body trait

Question 11

What is heredity?

Answer 11

transfer of genetic traits form a parent to child

Question 12

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 12

46 chromosomes
- 22 pairs + 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 13

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 13

• epithelial
• nervous
• skeletal
• muscle

Question 14

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

• covers the body and most organs
• protects against invading pathogens and toxins
• secretes enzymes
• absorbs nutrients

Question 15

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

Answer 15

• located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
• sends impulses or electrical messages to nerve endings, muscles, and glands in the body

Question 16

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 16

• skeletal muscle
• smooth muscle
• cardiac muscle

Question 17

What can muscle tissue do?

Answer 17

contract and retract
THAT’S IT

Question 18

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscles?

Answer 18

• attached to skeleton
• striated
• voluntary motion

Question 19

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 19

located in walls of hollow organs, walls of blood vessels, and dermis of skin
- involuntary motion

Question 20

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscles?

Answer 20

located in the wall of the heart
- striated
- involuntary motion

Question 21

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 21

supports, protects, give structure to other tissues and organs in the body
- stores fat
- helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs
- helps repair damaged tissue
- most abundant

Question 22

What does cartilage do?

Answer 22

joints muscles

Question 23

What is adipose?

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

What is an organ?

Answer 24

structure formed by organization of two or more different tissue types

Question 25

What is an organ system?

Answer 25

organs joined together to carry out vital functions

Question 26

What does the respiratory system consist of?

Answer 26

- nose - nasal cavity - pharynx - trachea - larynx - bronchi - lungs

Question 27

What is the integumentary system? What is the function?

Answer 27

skin and accessory organs - body's first defense against illness and injury - regulates temperature - excretion (sweat) - sensation

Question 28

What is the skeletal system? What is the function?

Answer 28

bones and joints - gives body structure and stability - protects organs from injury

Question 29

What is the muscular system? What is the function?

Answer 29

muscles and connecting structures - responsible for movement

Question 30

What is the lymphatic system? What is the function?

Answer 30

lymph nodes, spleen - prevents infections with help from white blood cells

Question 31

What is the respiratory system? What is the function?

Answer 31

lungs and airways - moves air, breathing - delivers oxygen and eliminated carbon dioxide

Question 32

What is the digestive system? What is the function?

Answer 32

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines - liver and pancreas contribute - provides and delivers nutrients

Question 33

What is the nervous system? What is the function?

Answer 33

brain, spinal cord, nerves - controls all other body systems

Question 34

What is the endocrine system? What is the function?

Answer 34

glands that secrete hormones: pancreas, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid glands - exocrine glands: release hormones into ducts - endocrine glands: release hormones into bloodstream

Question 35

What is the cardiovascular system? What is the function?

Answer 35

heart and blood vessels - pumps blood, provides necessary nutrients, eliminates waste

Question 36

What is the urinary system? What is the function?

Answer 36

kidneys, bladder - filters blood, removes waste

Question 37

What is the female and male reproductive system? What is the function?

Answer 37

ovaries, uterus, vagina, testes, penis - achieve fertilization, produce offspring

Question 38

What is anatomical position?

Answer 38

- body upright - facing forward - palms facing forward - arms by the side

Question 39

What are following anatomical pairs? - top/bottom - close/far - middle/side

Answer 39

- superior/inferior - proximal/distal - medial/lateral

Question 40

What is ventral and dorsal?

Answer 40

ventral: front of the body dorsal: back of the body

Question 41

Give other names for ventral/dorsal.

Answer 41

ventral: anterior, coronal, frontal dorsal: posterior

Question 42

What is the 3 main anatomical planes?

Answer 42

- sagittal: divides left and right, middle - transverse: up and down like a table - coronal: separates front and back

Question 43

What are the 5 main body cavities?

Answer 43

- cranial: brain - spinal: spine - thoracic: chest, lungs, hearts, major vessels - abdominal: abdomen, liver, intestines, colon - pelvic: bladder

Question 44

What are the 4 abdominal quadrants?

Answer 44

RUQ: right upper RLQ: right lower LUQ: left upper LLQ: left lower

Question 45

What does pain in each quadrant mean?

Answer 45

RUQ: gallbladder RLQ: appendix LUQ: spleen LLQ: constipation

Question 46

What is albinism?

Answer 46

born with little or no pigmentation in the skin, eyes, or hair

Question 47

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 47

life-threatening disease that mainly affects lungs and pancreas

Question 48

What is down syndrome?

Answer 48

3 copies of chromosome 21

Question 49

What is hemophilia?

Answer 49

blood disorder, lack of clotting factor

Question 50

What is phenylketonuria? PKU

Answer 50

decreased metabolism of PKU - leads to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral problems, and mental disorders