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Medical Assisting > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the body cells can absorb

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

organs forming a pathway extending from the mouth to the anus

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3
Q

What are the food movements?

A
  • churning: mixes substances
  • peristalsis: moves substances through esophagus to stomach
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4
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

initiating digestion using chewing and saliva

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5
Q

What is another way to say chewing?

A

mastication

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6
Q

What is the function of the teeth?

A

decrease size of food particles

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7
Q

How many teeth do we have?

A

32 teeth

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8
Q

What is the function of salivary glands?

A

makes saliva

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9
Q

What is the pharynx and its function?

A

throat
- passageway between mouth to esophagus

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10
Q

What is the function of esophagus?

A

tube connecting mouth to stomach
- peristalsis

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11
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

receives food from esophagus and continues to breakdown food with gastric juices
- propels food to small intestine

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12
Q

What is rugae?

A

folds in the stomach

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13
Q

What quadrant is the stomach in?

A

upper left

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14
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

makes bile to breakdown fats

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15
Q

What quadrant is the liver in?

A

right upper

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16
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile
- connects to duodenum

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17
Q

What is the function of the pancrease?

A

makes enzymes that aid in digestion
- connects to duodenum

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18
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

absorbing nutrients

19
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
20
Q

What is the large intestine and its function?

A

colon
- absorption of nutrients
- feces formed from solid waste

21
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum (connects to ilium)
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
22
Q

What is the apprendix?

A

thin tube joined to the large intestine

23
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

reservoir for beneficial bacteria
- part of immune system in young child
- helps fight disease

24
Q

What are the essential nutrients?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • water
25
What are the 3 main nutrients in foods and drinks?
- carbohydrates - proteins - fats
26
What is the purpose of carbohydrates?
broken down to glucose for energy
27
What are the functions of a lipid?
structural component of cell membrane - energy
28
What is the function of protein?
structure, function, regulation of the body's tissues and organs - tissue repair and growth
29
What is the function of vitamins?
normal growth and development - fat-soluble - water-soluble
30
What is the function of minerals?
keeps bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly - found in bones and teeth
31
What are examples of fat soluble vitamins? What are the functions?
A: for vision, reproduction, bone health, immune system, skin D: for bone strength, calcium absorption, immune system E: immune system, flushes toxins K: blood clotting, bone health
32
What is the benefit of fat-soluble vitamins?
long-term storage - doesn't need to be constantly replenished
33
Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?
fatty/adipose tissue
34
What are examples of water-soluble vitamins?
- vitamin C - vitamin B complex (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12)
35
What are water-soluble vitamins?
- not stored in the body - enter bloodstream and eliminated through urine if not needed - regular intake to avoid deficiency
36
What is appendicitis?
inflammation and infection of the appendix
37
What is cirrhosis?
chronic liver disease leading to scarring of the tissue
38
What is the cause of cirrhosis?
medication, alcohol use, hep B or C
39
What is cholelithiasis?
gallstones
40
What is colitis?
inflammation of large intestine - viral or bacterial
41
What is constipation?
difficult defecation - increase in fiber can help
42
What is crohn's disease?
inflammatory bowel disease - affects small intestine
43
What is gastritis?
inflammation of the stomach

Medical Assisting (51 decks)

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