Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 1

• has lymphocytes to fight infection
• one way drainage system from body tissue to blood circulation
• gets rid of waste products produced by cells

Question 2

What does the lymphatic system work with?

Answer 2

immune system

Question 3

What are the organs of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

• thymus
• spleen (largest organ)
• lymph nodules
• lymph nodes
• interstitial fluid (between cells)
• adenoids
• tonsils

Question 4

What is the purpose of the immune system?

Answer 4

protects against pathogens

Question 5

What are examples of pathogens?

Answer 5

• bacteria
• viruses
• fungi
• toxins
• parasites
• cancer

Question 6

Define pathogens.

Answer 6

something that can cause disease

Question 7

Where does lymph flow through?

Answer 7

lymphatic vessels, lymph capillaries, lymph nodes

Question 8

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 8

small, glandular structures

Question 9

Where are lymph nodes primarily located?

Answer 9

neck, axilla, groin

Question 10

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 10

produces and stores lymphocytes

Question 11

What are lymph nodules?

Answer 11

masses of tissue that contain macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 12

Where are lymph nodules?

Answer 12

spleen and tonsils

Question 13

Where is the thymus?

Answer 13

located posterior to sternum

Question 14

What is the function of thymus?

Answer 14

makes t-cells
- assists with production of lymphocytes for the immature immune system

Question 15

What happens to thymus as we age?

Answer 15

atrophies (decreases in size)
- once immune system is functional, thymus is nonexistent

Question 16

What is the spleen?

Answer 16

largest lymphatic organ in the upper left quadrant of abdominal cavity

Question 17

What do macrophages filter?

Answer 17

blood

Question 18

What response is inflammation?

Answer 18

first response

Question 19

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 19

traps bacteria and other agents

Question 20

What are signs of inflammation?

Answer 20

• swelling
• heat
• redness
• pain

Question 21

What are antigens?

Answer 21

foreign substances the body doesn’t recognize on the surfaces of pathogens

Question 22

Why do we have fevers?

Answer 22

helps the immune system fight infections
- higher temperatures speed up processing of immune cells and makes it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive in the body

Question 23

Which lymphocytes recognize antigens in the body?

Answer 23

T cells
B cells

Question 24

Which lymphocytes attack cells?

Answer 24

T cells

Question 25

Which lymphocytes make antibodies?

Answer 25

B cells

Question 26

What are antibodies?

Answer 26

produced to respond to specific antigens

Question 27

How do antibodies work?

Answer 27

- help eliminate disease-causing microbes from the body - directly destroying pathogens or by blocking them from infecting cells

Question 28

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 28

AKA antibodies

Question 29

What is a natually acquired active immunity?

Answer 29

being exposed to a live pathogen, developing the disease, and then becoming immune - body makes antibodies against disease and makes memory cells - chicken pox

Question 30

What is an artificially acquired active immunity?

Answer 30

from injection of a vaccination - vaccine has active antigens to prevent development of the disease

Question 31

What is a naturally acquired passive immunity?

Answer 31

passed from mother to child - antibodies pass through the placenta to protect the child from illness - infant continues to receive immunity to disease from antibodies found in breast milk

Question 32

What is artificially acquired passive immunity?

Answer 32

patient injected with antibodies by injection or infusion made by someone else

Question 33

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 33

life threatening allergic response

Question 34

When can anaphylaxis occur?

Answer 34

within seconds or minutes of exposure to allergen

Question 35

How can you treat anaphylaxis?

Answer 35

injection of epinephrine

Question 36

What is an autoimmune disease?

Answer 36

condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body

Question 37

What happens to people with an autoimmune disease?

Answer 37

- immune system mistakes part of the body as foreign - releases proteins (auto-antibodies) that attack healthy cells

Question 38

What are examples of autoimmune diseases?

Answer 38

- Graves disease - lupus - multiple sclerosis - rheumatoid arthritis - Type 1 diabetes mellitus - Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 39

What is immunocompetent?

Answer 39

normal functioning immune system

Question 40

What is immunodeficient/immunosuppressed/immunocompromised?

Answer 40

state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent

Question 41

What is opportunistic infections?

Answer 41

infections a normal immune system would be able to fight off