Microbiology Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
What is microbiology?
A
study of small life forms only detected under a microscope
2
Q
What are microorganisms?
A
- small living things
- everywhere in the environment
- can be beneficial
- can be harmful
3
Q
What should MAs know about micorbiology?
A
- basic knowledge of cell structure
- ability to distinguish harmless from harmful
- understand which types of pathogens cause disease
- how to prevent and spread diseases
- education patient about disease
4
Q
What are non-pathogens?
A
- can’t cause disease under normal conditions
5
Q
What is normal flora?
A
bacteria that lives in and on the body that assists systems stay in homeostasis
- can cause infection if they invade other body areas or overgrow
6
Q
Where are non-pathogens found?
A
- oral cavities
- GI tract
- on skin
- genital areas
7
Q
What microorganism is found in the GI tract?
A
Lactobacillus acidophilus
8
Q
How can microorganisms cause disease?
A
- use nutrients needed by the cells and tissues they invade
- damage body cells by reproducing themselves within cells
- make body cells that target the body’s own defenses
- produce cell and tissue-damaging toxins or poisons
- remain localized or may travel throughout the body, damaging or killing cells and tissues
9
Q
What acts as a barrier for microorganisms?
A
- resident normal flora
- intact skin
- mucous membranes
10
Q
What does means of transmission mean?
A
how the pathogen spreads to a host
11
Q
What are examples of transmission?
A
- airborne
- droplet
- bloodborne
- foodborne
- fecal to oral
- mucus membranes
- vector-borne
- direct contact
- fomites (indirect contact)
12
Q
What is the cycle of infection?
A
- means of transmission
- means of entrance
- susceptible host
- reservoir host
- means of exit
- means of transmission
- repeats
13
Q
What is medical asepsis?
A
- maintain strict housekeeping standards
- adheres to government guidelines
14
Q
What is hand hygiene?
A
- common means of transmitting pathogens via touch
- most important aseptic procedure that can break the cycle of infection
15
Q
When should MAs wash hands?
A
- start of shift
- before/after eating
- before/after bathroom
- before/after smoking/vaping
- when hands are clearly dirty
16
Q
What is the criteria for hand sanitizer?
A
at least 60% alcohol
17
Q
What is bacteria?
A
- single cell microorganisms
- can survive without living tissues
- have various classification and shapes
18
Q
What does aerobic mean?
A
bacteria that needs air to grow and multiply
19
Q
What does anaerobic mean?
A
bacteria that can grow and multiply without air
20
Q
What is rickettsiae?
A
- live and grow only inside other living things (vectors)
- acquired from insect bites
21
Q
What are vectors?
A
animals that carry bacteria
- person infected from bites
22
Q
What are diseases from ticks?
A
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- lyme disease
23
Q
What are diseases from dogs/bats?
A
rabies
24
Q
What are diseases from mosquitoes?
A
- encephalitis
- malaria
25
What are the common bacteria shapes?
- coccus
- spirillum
- vibrio
- bacillus
26
What is the pathogen and transmission for whooping cough?
bordetella pertussis
- airborne
27
What is the pathogen and transmission for chlamydia?
chlamydia trachomatis
- sexual
28
What is the pathogen and transmission for tetanus?
clostridium tetani
- deep wounds
29
What is the pathogen and transmission for diphtheria?
corynebacterium diphtheriae
- droplet
30
What is the pathogen and transmission for meningitis?
group b streptococcus
- droplet
31
What is the pathogen and transmission for peptic ulcer disease?
helicobacter pylori
- fecal to oral, oral to anal
32
What is the pathogen and transmission for tuberculosis?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
- airborne/droplet
33
What is the pathogen and transmission for rocky mountain spotted fever?
rickettsia rickettsii
- vector (tick)
34
What is the pathogen and transmission for boils, septicemia, pneumonia?
streptococcus aureus
- contact
35
What is the pathogen and transmission for pneumonia?
streptococcus pneumoniae
- airborne, droplet, contact
36
What is the pathogen and transmission for strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia?
streptococcus pyogenes
- droplet
37
What is the pathogen and transmission for syphilis?
treponema pallidum
- sexual
38
What is the pathogen and transmission for diarrhea, UTI?
escherichia coli
- foodborne
39
What is the pathogen and transmission for lyme disease?
borrelia burgdorferi
- vector
40
What is the pathogen and transmission for monoculeosis?
epstein-barr virus
- saliva
41
What are viruses?
smallest known infectious agents
- needs living tissue to survive and grow
42
What are some characteristics of viruses?
- attaches to host cells in the person
- takes control of cell, destroys cell and nearby cells
- can attack immediately
- can lie dormant
- challenging for the lab to grow/test
- difficult to kill due to mutations during replication
43
What is the pathogen and transmission for hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A
- fecal-oral
44
What is the pathogen and transmission for hepatitis B?
hep B
- bloodborne
- sexual
45
What is the pathogen and transmission for hepatitis C?
hep c
- bloodborne
46
What is the pathogen and transmission for cold sores, genital warts?
herpes simplex
- blister fluid, sexual
47
What is the pathogen and transmission for HIV, AIDS?
human immunodeficiency
- bloodborne, sexual
48
What is the pathogen and transmission for genital warts, cervical cancer?
human papillomavirus
- sexual
49
What is the pathogen and transmission for influenza?
influenza
- airborne, droplet
50
What is the pathogen and transmission for measles?
measles
- airborne, droplet
51
What is the pathogen and transmission for mumps?
mumps
- airborne, droplet
52
What is the pathogen and transmission for rabies?
rabies
- vector
53
What is the pathogen and transmission for common cold?
rhinovirus
- droplet, contact, fomites?
54
What is the pathogen and transmission for german measles?
rubella
- airborne, droplet
55
What is the pathogen and transmission for chickenpox, shingles?
varicella zoster
- airborne, droplet, contact with blisters
56
What is the pathogen and transmission for smallpox?
variola major
- contact, fomites
57
What is fungus?
mold
- single cell fungi = yeast
58
What are the characteristics of fungi?
- grows on or in animals and plants
- most do not normally cause disease
- persons with weakened immune systems at risk for serious fungal infections
- can be useful (source of antibiotics)
59
What are common fungal infections?
- athlete's foot
- vaginal yeast infection
60
What is the pathogen and transmission for cadidiasis?
candida albicans
- overgrowth of normal flora
61
What is the pathogen and transmission for ringworm, athlete's foot?
trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans
- contact
62
What are protozoas?
single-cell parasites
63
What are the characteristics of protozoas?
- microscopic or large enough to be seen with a microscope
- replicate rapidly inside host
- thrives in damp environments (standing water, ponds, lakes)
64
What is the most common protozoa?
entamoeba histolytica
65
What is the pathogen and transmission for amebiasis?
entamoeba histolytica
- fecal to oral
66
What is the pathogen and transmission for giardiasis?
giardia intestinalis
- fecal to oral
67
What is the pathogen and transmission for malaria?
plasmodium parasites
- vector (mosquito)
68
What is the pathogen and transmission for trichinosis?
trichinella spiralis
- foodborne (Undercooked pork)
69
What is the pathogen and transmission for trichomoniasis?
trichomonas vaginalis (sexual)
70
What do multicellular parasites do?
cause infestations and infections
71
What are the common multicellular parasites?
- lice
- bedbugs
- scabies
- helminths (worms, flukes, nematodes)
72
What is the pathogen and transmission for roundworm?
ascaris lumbricoides
- contaminated soil
73
What is the pathogen and transmission for tapeworm?
Diphyllobothrium latum
- foodborne
74
What is the pathogen and transmission for pinworms?
enterobius vermicularis
- fecal to oral
75
What is the pathogen and transmission for head lice?
pediculus humanus capitis
- infested hair
76
What is the pathogen and transmission for pubic lice?
phthirus pubis
- infested pubic hair
77
What is the pathogen and transmission for scabies?
sarcoptes scabiei
- contact
78
What does immunocompetent mean?
normal functioning immune system
79
What does immunodeficient, immunocompromised, immunosuppressed mean?
- active cancer treatment
- organ transplant
- advanced or untreated HIV infection
- active treatment with corticosteroids or other drugs
80
What are opportunistic infections?
caused by microorganisms that would not cause an infection in an immunocompetent patient
