Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

made up of organs and glands that produce, store and release hormones

Question 2

What do hormones do?

Answer 2

regulates chemical reactions in cells
- controls function of the organs, tissues, and other cells
- aids the body in homeostasis

Question 3

What are hormones?

Answer 3

chemicals used to increase or decrease activity of specific taregt cells

Question 4

What are the 2 types of glands?

Answer 4

exocrine: releases hormones into a duct to target cells
endocrine: releases hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 5

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

master gland of the endocrine system (in the brain)

Question 6

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 6

• growth hormone
• thyroid stimulating hormone
• follicle stimulating hormone
• luteinizing hormone
• prolactin

Question 7

What does growth hormone do?

Answer 7

body growth

Question 8

What does thyroid stimulating hormone do?

Answer 8

regulates thyroid gland

Question 9

What does follicle stimulating hormone do?

Answer 9

growth of ova and sperm

Question 10

What does luteinizing hormone do?

Answer 10

stimulates ovulation and testosterone in males

Question 11

What does prolactin do?

Answer 11

causes breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth

Question 12

What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 12

• antidiuretic hormone
• oxytocin

Question 13

What does antidiuretic hormone do?

Answer 13

stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys

Question 14

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 14

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

Question 15

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 15

similar to posterior pituitary gland
- secretes ADH and oxytocin

Question 16

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 16

melatonin

Question 17

What does melatonin do?

Answer 17

regulates onset of puberty
- biological clock
- sleepy time

Question 18

Where is the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

base of the neck
- just below Adam’s apple

Question 19

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 19

• T3
• T4
• Calcitonin

Question 20

What does T3 and T4 do?

Answer 20

cellular metabolism

Question 21

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 21

increases bone calcium

Question 22

Where is the thymus?

Answer 22

posterior to the sternum

Question 23

What does the thymus do?

Answer 23

secretes thymosin

Question 24

What does thymosin do?

Answer 24

development of cells in the immune system

Question 25

What is in the parathyroid gland? What does it do?

Answer 25

parathyroid hormones - regulates calcium

Question 26

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 26

behind the stomach and in front of the spine

Question 27

What type of glands does the pancreas have?

Answer 27

endocrine AND exocrine

Question 28

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 28

alpha cells (glucagon) beta cells (insulin)

Question 29

What does glucagon do?

Answer 29

increases blood sugar

Question 30

What does insulin do?

Answer 30

lowers blood sugar

Question 31

Where are the adrenal glands?

Answer 31

on top of both kidneys

Question 32

Why does cortisol get secreted?

Answer 32

prolonged stress inhibits the body's immune response

Question 33

What does the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 33

aldosterone cortisol epinephrine norepinephrine

Question 34

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 34

regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

Question 35

What does cortisol do?

Answer 35

regulates carbohydrates

Question 36

What does epinephrine do?

Answer 36

fight or flight response

Question 37

What does norepinephrine do?

Answer 37

vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure

Question 38

What do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 38

estrogen and progesterone

Question 39

What does estrogen do?

Answer 39

development of secondary sex characteristics in females - regulates menses

Question 40

What does progesterone do?

Answer 40

prepares body for pregnancy

Question 41

What do testes secrete?

Answer 41

testosterone

Question 42

What does testosterone do?

Answer 42

sperm production - secondary sex characteristics in males

Question 43

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 43

chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels

Question 44

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 44

body stops making insulin - born with it - requires insulin replacement

Question 45

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 45

associated with obesity, genetic predisposition

Question 46

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 46

occurs during pregnancy - temporary

Question 47

What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS?)

Answer 47

irregular menstrual periods, elevated hormone levels, cysts on ovaries

Question 48

What is gigantism acromegaly?

Answer 48

results from an excess of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Question 49

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 49

autoimmune disorder - excessive thyroid hormone - weight loss - heat tolerance - anxiety - increased heart rate

Question 50

What is another name for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 50

Graves disease

Question 51

What is hypotheyoidism?

Answer 51

underactive thyroid gland - weight gain - fatigue - slow heart rate - myxedema

Question 52

What is myxedema?

Answer 52

swelling of the skin and underlying tissues

Question 53

What is cretinism?

Answer 53

condition of severe physical and mental retardation due to iodine deficiency or deficiency of thyroid hormones during early pregnancy

Question 54

What is cushing's syndrome?

Answer 54

high levels of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal glands over long periods of time

Question 55

What is goiter?

Answer 55

irregular growth of the thyroid gland

Question 56

How is goiter treated?

Answer 56

with iodine or surgery