Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the integumentary system?

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

What are the accessory organs in the integumentary system?

Answer 2

• hair follicles
• finger and toe nails
• skin glands

Question 3

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 3

• first line of defense against bacteria and viruses
• protects from UV radiation and dehydration

Question 4

How do integumentary system control body temperature?

Answer 4

• too hot: dermal blood vessels dilate & more blood is sent to the surface
• too cold: dermal blood vessels constrict & prevents heat from escaping

Question 5

What are the layers of the skin from outside in?

Answer 5

• epidermis
• dermis
• subcutaneous (hypodermis)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the epidermis?

Answer 6

• epithelial tissue
• no blood vessels
• has keratin

Question 7

What gives skin its color?

Answer 7

melanocyte makes melanin

Question 8

What are some examples and their causes of skin color changes?

Answer 8

• rubor/erythema (red): flushing of the skin due to dilated blood vessels
• pallor/pale: blood vessel constriction
• cyanosis: bluish tint to the skin when it isn’t getting enough blood

Question 9

What are characteristics of the dermis?

Answer 9

• has blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries, and nerves
• has sweat glands and hair follicles

Question 10

What layer of skin for blood get drawn from?

Answer 10

dermis (has capillaries)

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 11

• connective tissue
• has adipose tissue and larger blood vessels

Question 12

What are sudoriferous glands?

Answer 12

sweat glands

Question 13

What do eccrine glands do? Where are they?

Answer 13

• distributed throughout the body
• produce fluid to regulate body temperature

Question 14

What do apocrine glands do? Where are they?

Answer 14

• present in axilla and pubic area
• responsible for odor as bacteria break down organic substances

Question 15

What do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 15

• secretes oily substance (sebum)
• adds protective layer and prevents fluid loss

Question 16

What is neoplasm?

Answer 16

new growth
- doesn’t state if it’s cancerous or benign

Question 17

What is alopecia?

Answer 17

hair loss

Question 18

What is acne vulgaris?

Answer 18

black heads, white heads, pustules

Question 19

What is cellulitis?

Answer 19

bacterial infection

Question 20

What is dermatitis?

Answer 20

inflammation with rash

Question 21

What is eczema?

Answer 21

itchy, red, scaly rash

Question 22

What is herpes simplex?

Answer 22

cold sore
- blisters, mouth, lips, face

Question 23

What is impetigo?

Answer 23

bacterial infection, itchy, oozing skin

Question 24

What is a keloid?

Answer 24

overgrowth of scar tissue

Question 25

What is a nodule?

Answer 25

small growth under the skin

Question 26

What is petechiae?

Answer 26

ruptured skin capillaries

Question 27

What is pediculosis?

Answer 27

live infestation

Question 28

What is ringworm?

Answer 28

tinea corporis - fungus infection, circular lesions

Question 29

What is rosacea?

Answer 29

dilation of facial blood vessels, redness

Question 30

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 30

sun exposure - new growth does not heal

Question 31

What is the most common skin disorder?

Answer 31

basal cell carcinoma

Question 32

What is the most aggressive skin disorder?

Answer 32

malignant melanoma

Question 33

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 33

- sun exposure, spreads to surrounding tissues (metastasize) - common on face and head, less common than basal cell

Question 34

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 34

sun exposure, itchy, bleeding mole with changes

Question 35

What is the severity of burns based on?

Answer 35

- extent of body surface area: rule of nines to estimate % of body surface area affected - degree of burn

Question 36

What is the burns - rule of nines?

Answer 36

- anterior trunk = 18% - head and neck = 9% - posterior trunk and butt = 18% - arms, hands, shoulders = 18% - anterior/posterior legs and feet = 18%

Question 37

What are the characteristics of 1st degree burn?

Answer 37

superficial (epidermis) - pain - redness - swelling (sunburn)

Question 38

What are the characteristics of a 2nd degree burn?

Answer 38

partial-thickness - subcutaneous tissue - pain - redness - swelling - blisters

Question 39

What are the characteristics of a 3rd degree burn?

Answer 39

full-thickness - all layers of skin, muscle, and maybe bone - skin appears charred - always requires medical attention