Bone and soft tissue Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are the parts of the musculoskeletal system
Bone, skeletal muscle and connective tissue
What are the different types of connective tissues? In joints
- Tendon
- ligament
- cartilage- structural support, protect tissues ans attachment sites
Compare number of bones of children and adult
Children- 270
adult- 206 (including sesamoids)
what are the fucntions of the skeletal system?
- movement
- support
- protection of vital organs
- calcium storage
- haematopoeisis- bone marrow
what are the different classes of bones by shape and where can you find them?
- Flate bone- frontal bone
- short bone- carpal bones
- irregular bone- vertebrae
- sutured bone- skull
- sesamoid bone- patella
- long bone- femur, tibia, humerus
what is an osteogenic cell and its properties?
Bone stem cell
it makes osteoblasts
what is an osteoblast and what are its properties
made form osteogenic cell, it forms bone
secretes OSTEOID and catalyse mineralisation of osteoid
what is an osteocyte and what are it’s properties?
Mature bone cell
formed when an osteoblast becomes embede din its secretions
sense mechanical strain to direct osteoblast and osteoclast activity
what is an osteoclast and what afre it’s properties?
Bone breaking cells; helps in remodelling of the bone
dissolve and resorb bone by phagocytosis
derived from bone marrow
where can you find osteocytes?
embedded in the matrix (lacuna)
where can you find osteoblasts?
Growing portions of bone including periosteum and endosteum
where can you find osteogenic cells?
deep l,ayers of periosteum
where can you find osteoclasts?
Bone surfaces and at sites of old, injure dor unneeded bone
what are the components of the bone matrix? draw it
60% inorganic
40% organic
they all have sub component
what are the properties of immature bone
- first bone made
- replaced by mature bone
- weak- as its laid out in woven manner
what are the types and subtypes of mature bone
- It is mineralised woven bone
- It has lamellar structure- relatively strong
types of mature are: cortical and cancellous
Contrast cortical and cancellous bone briefly.
cortical bone- compact dense bone; it is suitable for weaight bearing. heavy
Cancellous- Spongy bone; honeycomb structure. not suitable frow weight bearing
What are the components and organisation of the compact cortical bone
Lacunae surrounded by mineralised matrix- they all form part of the Osteon (HAVERSIAN system).
They are repeated over and over around a central HAVERSIAN canal
What does the HAVERSIAN canal contain
Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
What is a Lacunae and Volkmanns canal
Lacunae- small spaces containing osteocytes. Tiny canaliculi radiate from lacunae filled with ECF
Volkmans canal- transverse perforating canals
Label the structure of a long bone - draw
what is the most common location of a fracture and why
1) diagram
2) femur neck- connected to hip bone; most of the pressure from walking pass through it
What occurs during intramembranous ossification ? I.e. what bone develops
- Used to form flat bones of skull, clavicle and mandible
- bone development from fibrous membrane
- mesenchymal cell is used as a template
Outline the steps of intramembranous ossification
- Mesenchymal cell scondense and turn to osteoBLAST- ossification centre forms
- osteocytes forms as osteoid traps osteoblasts
- Trabecular matric and periosteum forms
- compact bone develops superficially or cancellous bone. Bone marrow forms
During endochondral ossification what bone develops and where does it start from?
Long bones develop from a hyaline cartilage model
