Mental Health Overview Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the experience of overwhelming urges to repeat a behaviour even when you know its harmful
Compulsion
What is anxiety?
Self-perpetuating network of positive feedback loops arising from normally adaptive responses.
What causes ADDICTION?
Repeated NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT in context of persistent states of suffering/ distress/ tension.
How does addiction affect the unconscious?
Has a powerful unconscious component mediated by substances direct action on neural circuit- motivation and reward
In OCD, what causes distress which drives negative reinforcement?
Intrusive thoughts and cemented by habit formation
Describe eating disorders?
A means of reducing intense distress particularly that associated with feeling everything is out of control
What is psychosis?
Reality failure
What selects contents of conscious awareness?
Attention (both active and passive)
What causes parallel processing in consciousness
Battery of unconscious processes
What is delusion?
Fixed, false unshakeable belief out of context of cultural background
What drives formation of false beliefs in delusions?
Intense feeling of being controlled/persecuted/culpable .
What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Persecutors/grandiose symptoms: i.e delusion of CONTROL and PERCEPTION.
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Anhedonia
- Apathy
- Social withdrawal
- Blunted mood
What are the disorganised symptoms of schizophrenia?
Thought disorder
Disorganised speech/behaviour
Inappropriate affect
What’s the prevalence and heritability of schizophrenia?
Prevalence- 1%
Heritability -80%
Gene responsible is for D2
What neurotransmitter is excess in schizophrenia?
Excess of striatal dopamine- in response to stress Also there’s stimulus independent thought and self reflection
What is the role of dopamine in neuropsychological processes?
- Anticipated reward- directed attention.
- Salience (sense of importance attached to perceptions)
- Reward prediction error signalling
Explain the concept of working memory
Stores large amount of data to contextualise the present moment
Deficit in working memory make thought and perception lose control
What is the treatment for psychosis?
Antipsychotics- ANTIDOPAMINERGIC( both typical and atypical)
Cognitive behavioural therapies for psychosis
Social support- environment, structure and routine should be supportive
What is the dopamine theory that is the basis of medication
Dopamine blockade
MESOLIMBIC- postive symptoms of schizophrenia
nigrostriatal- TD- Tardiff dystonia and Extra pyramidal symptoms
mesocortical tracts- negative symptoms
Tuberoinfundibular- hyper prolactinoma
What are the side effects of antidopamine medication
Diabetes and weight gain
Prolactin- erectile dysfunction
Hypersalivation
Sedation
Cardiac- tachycardia, arrhythmia
Neutropenia
What are the causes of psychosis?
Genetic component
Life stressors
Relationship with recreational drugs
Neurodevelpmental- hypoxia or prematurity
Developmental adversity or abuse
Summarise the causes and factors causing compulsion, state anxiety and low mood
What is depression and self harm
