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Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

what are the predisposing factors of osteoarthritis?

A
  • AGE
  • INJURY- wearing away of cARTILAGE
  • TOO MUCH activity- put stress on it
  • obesity
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2
Q

why is that patients with osteoarthritis may be ecperiencing more pain now than before at baseline

A

acute exercabation

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of osteoarthrits seen in joints

A

Degeneration with secondary inflammation

cyst formation- dark fluid formed

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4
Q

what are the diagnositc tests needed when suspecting patient with ostearthritis?

A
  • Standing X-ray; to see joint space
  • MRI - to look at cruciate ligament
  • blood test- to exclude secondary causes and Rheumatoid arthritis
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5
Q

what are the key findings of Osteoarthritis seen on X-ray?

A
  • Osteophyte formation
  • Subchondoral sclerosis
  • Bone erosion
  • subchondoral cyst
  • reduced joint space narrowing
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6
Q

what are the 3 types of management of osteoarthritis?

A
  1. conservative
  2. Medical
  3. Surgical
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7
Q

How can Osteoarthritis develop form injury?

A
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8
Q

what type of collagen is in fibrocartilage, bone and hyaline cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage- Type 1

Hyaline cartilage- Type 2

bone- 90% type 1

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9
Q

what is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A
  • physical wear of bone and secondary inflammation
  • progressive loss of articular cartilage and remodelling of underlying bone
  • release of enzymes which break down collagen and proteoglycan
  • leads to exposure of underlying bone and sclerosis, osteophyte, and subchondral bone cysts
  • progressive joint space loss.
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10
Q

What are the primary/idiopathic causes of OA?

A
  • female,
  • advancing age
  • manual labour
  • sports people
  • obesity
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11
Q

what are the secondary causesof OA?

A
  • TRAUMA
  • surgery/removal of fibrocartilage
  • infection or inflammatory disease
  • Connective tissue disease
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12
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of OA?

A
  • Gradual onset
  • Joint pain& stiffness & swelling
  • Worsen at the end of day with activity
  • relieved by rest
  • deformtiy (Varus/valgus)
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13
Q

compare OA with RA? In joint images

A
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14
Q

what is osteoporosis?

A

Loss of bone mass and density which leads to weak bones

more porous trabeculae

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15
Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

Softening of bones caused by Vitamin D deficiency; loss of calcification mineralisation.

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16
Q

How would you diagnose osteoporosis and distinguish it from osteomalacia?

A

Use DEXA scan

osteoporosis- T score is lower than -2.5

Osteomalacia- T score is between -1 and -2.4

17
Q

what are the possible causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • Hypogonadism in men and women
  • alchol
  • smoking
  • cushings syndrome
  • GH disorder
  • hyperthyroidism
  • antiepileptic drugs
  • high PTH
18
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis?

A
  • Kyphosis
  • high risk of fractures