Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis Flashcards
(18 cards)
what are the predisposing factors of osteoarthritis?
- AGE
- INJURY- wearing away of cARTILAGE
- TOO MUCH activity- put stress on it
- obesity
why is that patients with osteoarthritis may be ecperiencing more pain now than before at baseline
acute exercabation
what are the characteristics of osteoarthrits seen in joints
Degeneration with secondary inflammation
cyst formation- dark fluid formed
what are the diagnositc tests needed when suspecting patient with ostearthritis?
- Standing X-ray; to see joint space
- MRI - to look at cruciate ligament
- blood test- to exclude secondary causes and Rheumatoid arthritis
what are the key findings of Osteoarthritis seen on X-ray?
- Osteophyte formation
- Subchondoral sclerosis
- Bone erosion
- subchondoral cyst
- reduced joint space narrowing
what are the 3 types of management of osteoarthritis?
- conservative
- Medical
- Surgical
How can Osteoarthritis develop form injury?
what type of collagen is in fibrocartilage, bone and hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage- Type 1
Hyaline cartilage- Type 2
bone- 90% type 1
what is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?
- physical wear of bone and secondary inflammation
- progressive loss of articular cartilage and remodelling of underlying bone
- release of enzymes which break down collagen and proteoglycan
- leads to exposure of underlying bone and sclerosis, osteophyte, and subchondral bone cysts
- progressive joint space loss.
What are the primary/idiopathic causes of OA?
- female,
- advancing age
- manual labour
- sports people
- obesity
what are the secondary causesof OA?
- TRAUMA
- surgery/removal of fibrocartilage
- infection or inflammatory disease
- Connective tissue disease
what are the signs and symptoms of OA?
- Gradual onset
- Joint pain& stiffness & swelling
- Worsen at the end of day with activity
- relieved by rest
- deformtiy (Varus/valgus)
compare OA with RA? In joint images
what is osteoporosis?
Loss of bone mass and density which leads to weak bones
more porous trabeculae
what is osteomalacia?
Softening of bones caused by Vitamin D deficiency; loss of calcification mineralisation.
How would you diagnose osteoporosis and distinguish it from osteomalacia?
Use DEXA scan
osteoporosis- T score is lower than -2.5
Osteomalacia- T score is between -1 and -2.4
what are the possible causes of Osteoporosis?
- Hypogonadism in men and women
- alchol
- smoking
- cushings syndrome
- GH disorder
- hyperthyroidism
- antiepileptic drugs
- high PTH
what are the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis?
- Kyphosis
- high risk of fractures
