Bordetella and Bartonella

Question 1

Defining characteristics of Bordetella spp.

Answer 1

gram negative rods/coccobacilli
commensals of URT
obligate aerobes
motile

Question 2

Does Bordetella spp ferment lactose when cultured on MAC?

Answer 2

no but it does grow

Question 3

Virulence factors of Bordetella spp

Answer 3

hemagglutination
fimbriae
toxin production

Question 4

How is Bordetella transmitted?

Answer 4

carriers pass the bacteria to naive, young animals

Question 5

Predisposing factors leading to Bordetella infection

Answer 5

stress
crowding
poor ventilation

Question 6

Toxins produced by Bordetella spp

Answer 6

adenylate cyclase hemolysin
tracheal cytotoxin
dermonecrotic toxin

Question 7

Diseases caused by B. bronchiseptica in different species

Answer 7

dogs: acute tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
pigs: atrophic rhinitis
cats: tracheobronchitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia
rabbits: snuffles

Question 8

How is kennel cough described?

Answer 8

inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
typically self-limiting disease transmitted by aerosols
can be secondary to viral infections

Question 9

Clinical sigs of kennel cough

Answer 9

coughing 2-3 weeks
vomiting
weight loss

Question 10

Which form of atrophic rhinitis in swine is caused by B. bronchiseptica?

Answer 10

nonprogressive form

Question 11

Clinical signs of feline broncho-pneumonia caused by B. bronchiseptica

Answer 11

cyanosis
death in younger cats

Question 12

Is there a vaccine available for feline broncho-pneumonia?

Answer 12

yes
intra-nasal live vaccine

Question 13

Disease caused by B. avium

Answer 13

coryza in turkeys, quail and chickens

Question 14

Clinical signs of B. avium

Answer 14

ocular and nasal discharge
conjuctivitis

Question 15

Morbitity of B. avium in young turkeys

Answer 15

80-100%

Question 16

What type of selective medium can be used to culture and isolate Bordetella?

Answer 16

Smith-Baskerville medium
or add antibiotics to blood agar

Question 17

Are Bordetella spp oxidase, catalase, citrate, and urease positive?

Answer 17

oxidase pos
catalase pos
citrate pos
urease pos - B. avium is urease neg

Question 18

Can radiographs be used to diagnose Boredetella infections?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

Treatment of kennel cough in dogs?

Answer 19

antibiotics: TMS, tetracycline or enrofloxacin

Question 20

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis in pigs

Answer 20

antibiotics
medicated feed for pigs

Question 21

Is antibiotic treatment effective for treating Coryza in turkeys?

Answer 21

usually not effective

Question 22

Is there a vaccine available for Bordetella in dogs?

Answer 22

yes
live intranasal and IM vaccines

Question 23

Is there a vaccine available for bordetella in turkeys?

Answer 23

yes - available for turkeys older than 3 weeks

Question 24

Treatment and control of coryza in turkeys

Answer 24

control respiratory stressors
chlorination of drinking water
tetracycline can be used but not very effective

Question 25

General characteristics of Bartonella spp

Answer 25

gram neg slow growing facultative intraceullar pathogen

Question 26

How is Bartonella transmitted?

Answer 26

transmitted via arthropods fleas, body lice, sand flies, ticks

Question 27

Pathogenesis of Bartonella

Answer 27

infect erythorcytes, endothelial cells and macrophages characterized by an intraerythrocytic bacteremia

Question 28

Cat scratch disease is caused by

Answer 28

Bartonella henselae

Question 29

Carrion's disease is caused by

Answer 29

Bartonella bacilliformis - sand flies

Question 30

Trench fever is caused by

Answer 30

Bartonella quintana - body lice

Question 31

Clinical signs of cat scratch disease

Answer 31

lymohadenitis fever meningitis polyarthritis

Question 32

Do cats typically show signs of being infected by Bartonella henselae?

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

Diagnosis of Bartonella

Answer 33

culture, PCR, immunofluorescence antibody testing