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Enterobacteriaceae 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Yersinia spp?

A

Y. pestis (non motile), Y. enterocolitica (motile), Y. pseudotuberculosis (motile)

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2
Q

What type of bacteria is Yersinia spp?

A

gram (-) rods, facultative anaerobes, Grow on BA & MAC

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3
Q

On a giemsa stain how to Yersinia spp. appear?

A

bipolar staining rods

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of Yersinia spp. occurs how?

A

survival inside macrophages via their outer proteins that inhibit outer proteins inhibition of both phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine production.

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5
Q

Which Yersinia species is associated with the Human and Feline plague? (i.e. Bubonic plague and pneumatic plague)

A

Yersinia pestis

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6
Q

Why is Yersinia pestis more invasive than the other Yersinia spp?

A

possesses ADDITIONAL VIRULENCE factors including an antiphagocytic protein capsule and a plasminogen activator which aids systemic spread.

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7
Q

What are the hosts for Y. enterocolitica?

A

-Pigs, other domestic animals, wildlife -Ewes -Humans

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8
Q

Subclinical enteric infections, occasionally enteritis is a consequence of Y. enterocolitica in what species?

A

Pigs, other domestic animals, wildlife

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9
Q

Sporadic abortion due to Y. enterocolitica occurs in what species?

A

sheep

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10
Q

Gastroenterocolitis due to Y. eneterocolitica is seen in what species?

A

humans

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11
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis is hosted in what species?

A

-Farmed deer, sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes, pigs -Cattle, sheep, goats -Guinea pigs, other laboratory animals -Caged birds -Humans

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12
Q

Enteritis in young animals, subclinical infections common in older animals, mesenteric lymphadenitis - is seen in what species and what Y. spp.?

A

Farmed deer, sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes, pigs. Y. pseudotuberculosis

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13
Q

In Cattle, sheep, goats, Sporadic abortion is seen as a consequence of infection with what Y. spp?

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

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14
Q

With Y. pseudotuberculosis, Focal hepatic necrosis, septicaemia is seen in what species with infection?

A

Guinea pigs, other laboratory animals

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15
Q

With Y. pseudotuberculosis, what is seen on infection with caged birds?

A

Septicaemia

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16
Q

Humans infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis present with what?

A

Enterocolitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis

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17
Q

What Yersinia spp. presents with plague in different species?

A

Yersinia pestis -Humans = Bubonic and pneumonic plague -Rodents = Sylvatic plague -Cats = Feline plague

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18
Q

What species is most susceptible to Y. pestis?

A

cats

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19
Q

How is the plague transmitted?

A

Y. pestis is transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) → Rodents including squirrel.

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20
Q

How do cats transmit the plague to their humans?

A

Aerosol transmission: cats directly to humans when they cough infectious droplet into the air

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21
Q

What species are less/not susceptible to the plague?

A

-dogs less susceptible -Cattle, horses, pigs not involved

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22
Q

Are the plague endemic regions in the US?

A

Yes - Plague endemic in wild rodents in Arizona, California, New Mexico

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23
Q

What does Yersinia pestis clinically present with due to the dissemination of the infection?

A

Gangrene (“Black death”)

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24
Q

What are the three forms of the plague?

A
  1. Bubonic form: enlarged lymph nodes (buboes): Less serious, easier to treat 2. Septicemic form: acute, serious may occur without lymphadenopathy. 3. Pneumonic form: serious may result in haematogenous spread.
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25
How is Y. Pestis diagnosed?
Symptoms, blood/aspirate Giemsa stained smear (bipolar staining rods), culture, serology, PCR
26
What are the treatment and control methods for Y. pestis?
Antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline). Hospitalize the infected cat. Treat for fleas, Rodent control. No vaccine for cats.
27
Yersinia enterocolitica is Primarily a human enteric pathogen that causes Cause diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenitis. What is important in diagnosing this?
differential diagnosis as many things cause diarrhea
28
What pathogens only cause localized and sporadic disease?
Opportunistic pathogens
29
What are the opportunistic pathogens of the enterobacteriaceae?
-Edwardsiella tarda -Enterobacter aerogenes -Klebsiella pneumoniae -Morganella morganii sugsp. morganii -Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris -Serratia marcescens
30
With Ewardsiella tarda infection, what clinical conditions are seen?
Diarrhea; wound infections in some animal species (rare)
31
Enterobacter aerogenes infection clinically presents with
Coliform mastitis in cows and sows
32
Klebsiella pneumonia clinical conditions include
Coliform mastitis in cows; endometritis in mares; pneumonia in calves and foals; urinary tract infections in dogs
33
Morganella morganni clinical conditions =
ear and urinary tract infections in dogs and cats (uncommon)
34
Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris clinical conditions:
Urinary tract infections in dogs and horses; associated with otitis externa in dogs
35
Serratia marcescens clinical conditions:
Bovine mastitis (uncommon); septicaemia in chickens (rare)
36
What are the three most commonly isolated Proteus species?
P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. rettgerii
37
Does Proteus spp. grow on MacConkey agar?
Yes
38
Which opportunistic enterobacteriaceae species are highly motile and show characteristic spreading/swarming growth on Blood Agar?
Proteus spp. (P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris)
39
Which opportunistic enterobacteriaceae show as non-hemolytic on blood agar and produce urease?
Proteus spp.
40
Is Proteus spp. lactose fermentor?
non-lactose fermenter
41
What type of flagella do Proteus spp. have?
Motile with peritrichous flagella
42
Generally, where to Proteus spp. survive?
Soil, water, intestinal tract of man and animals
43
How is urease a virulence factor?
It produces ammonia which irritates mucus membrane in the ureters, bladder, and the urethra
44
What are the two most common diseases caused by Proteus spp.?
-UTI in dogs and horses -otitis externa in dogs and cats *Diarrhea in young mink, lambs, calves, goats and pups is also seen
45
Why must antibiotic sensitivity tests be performed for Proteus spp.?
Because their sensitivity is NOT predictable, therefore, tests need to be done to ensure effective therapy
46
Fluroquinolones (enrofloxacin) and Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) are usually effective treatments for an infection with what opportunistic Enterobacteria?
Proteus spp.
47
Proteus spp. typically have resistances to which two drug types?
Tetracyclines and Beta-lactams (penicillin)
48
How is Proteus disease controlled?
Predisposing factor should be identified and eliminated.
49
Which one of the following is NOT associated with Proteus mirabilis 1. Unpredictable antimicrobial drug susceptibility. 2. Septicemia and abortion in cattle. 3. Otitis externa in dogs. 4. Urinary tract infection in dogs. 5. Swarming growth on blood agar.
2. Septicemia and abortion in cattle.
50
What is the most common pathogenic species of Klebsiella?
K. pneumoniae
51
Which opportunistic pathogen has a thick mucoid capsule that produces visibly abundant growth on Blood Agar and MacConkey agar as Lactose fermenter? (grows mucoid colonies)
Klebsiella
52
Which opportunistic invader is usually Nosocomical (from a hospital) and often drug resistant?
Klebsiella
53
What opportunistic pathogen is known to cause Meritis in mares resulting in temporary infertility?
Klebsiella
54
What pathology in cattle is typically the result of contaminated wood shaving with Klebsiella?
Coliform mastitis
55
What condition is seen as a result of Klebsiella in dogs?
Dogs: urinary tract infections, otitis externa.
56
In companion birds, what is seen as a result of Klebsiella?
Companion birds: respiratory infections, septicemia, diarrhea.
57
T/F Klebsiella is similar to E. coli in that they have a variety of host types BUT they are not considered a cause of diarrhea in dogs, cats, or farm animals/poultry
TRUE
58
T/F Because Klebsiella pneumoniae is typically drug resistant it is not necessary to perform antibiotic sensitivity tests
FALSE
59
K. pneumoniae Infection in companion birds is treated with:
Enrofloxacin
60
K. pneumoniae infection in dogs is treated with:
Gentamicin
61
Which opportunistic enterobacteriaceae have an available LPS core vaccine for mastitis?
Klebsiella
62
In stressful situations or concurrent disease, what two species of Klebsiella can cause respiratory infections, septicemia, and diarrhea?
K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca
63
Gentamicin and Amikacin are useful drugs for genital infections in horse caused by which opportunistic pathogen?
Klebsiella
64
What are the species of Shigella?
S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei
65
What is different with Shigella than other enterobacteriaceae discussed?
Non--motile; Non--ferment lactose (NLF) with exception of S. sonnei
66
Which enterobacteriaceae cause classical bacillary dysentery in humans and monkeys?
Shigella
67
Which enterobacteriaceae invade mucosal cells of the intestine, causing cell death and sloughing off into the gut lumen?
Shigella
68
Which species are resistant to the development of Shigella?
Dogs and food producing animals (cattle)
69
What are the four Shigella species that produce the classical cytotoxin (shiga toxin)?
S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei
70
T/F Shigellosis in horses is caused by an Actinobacillus equi infection
TRUE
71
Which one of the following statements is FALSE with regard to Shigella 1. It causes dysentery in humans. 2. It produces Shiga toxin. 3. Beef cattle are common carriers. 4. Dogs are resistant to clinical disease. 5."Shigellosis" in horses is not due to Shigella
5."Shigellosis" in horses is not due to Shigella

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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