Brucella Flashcards
1
Q
Among the Brucella species Brucella melilentis is the most pathogenic species for humans
A
T
2
Q
Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
A
T
-resistance medium
3
Q
Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae
A
T
4
Q
Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of brucellosis
A
T
5
Q
Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk
A
T
6
Q
Europe is free from Brucella ovis
A
F
7
Q
Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical sings of human brucellosis
A
T
8
Q
Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
A
T
9
Q
Brucella are facultative IC agents
A
T
10
Q
Brucella is generally a notifiable disease
A
T
11
Q
More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis
A
T
12
Q
Brucellosis is a chronic disease
A
T
13
Q
Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
A
T
14
Q
There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same polysaccharides in the cell wall
A
T
15
Q
Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
A
T?
-Endemic in Mediterranean Malta fever?
16
Q
Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae
A
T
17
Q
Brucella can be both acute or chronic in humans
A
T
18
Q
Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
A
T
19
Q
Brucella species are serologically uniform
A
F
20
Q
Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture
A
F
21
Q
Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
A
F
22
Q
Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
A
T
23
Q
Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
A
T
24
Q
Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
A
F
25
There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
F
26
B. suis is a zoonotic agent
T
27
Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture
T
-obligate aerobic capnophilic?
28
Brucella are Gram-positive and Köster-positive bacteria
F
29
The antigens of Brucella are uniform
F
30
The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans
T
31
Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
F
32
Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
T
33
There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the same surface polysaccharides
F
34
There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world
F
35
There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis
F-no brucella bovis
36
Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Köster-staining
F
37
Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work
F
38
There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis
T
39
Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic institute in abortion case
T
40
Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
T
41
Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Köster-staining
T
42
There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
T
43
All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
F
44
Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU
F
45
In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show different results
T
46
Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
F
47
There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary importance
F
48
With Köster-staining all Brucella are positive
F
49
Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
F
50
Hungary is Brucella free
F
51
Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
F
52
Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
T
53
Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
T
54
Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
T
55
Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
T
56
Brucella is an obligate pathogen
T
F?
57
Brucella are a notifiable disease
T
58
Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract
T
59
All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining
F
60
There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella
T
61
Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
T
62
In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
T
63
Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
T
64
Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes
T
65
An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
F
66
Brucella has average resistance
T
67
Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere
F
68
Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of **porcine** brucellosis
T
69
Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
T
70
Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis
F
71
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis
T
72
Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle
T
73
Brucella suis can infect only pigs
F
74
Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
T
75
Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
T
76
Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
T
77
Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
T
78
Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis
T
79
Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
T
80
European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2
T
81
Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
F
82
Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
F
83
B. suis can infect brown hares
T
84
Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
F
85
Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
F
86
Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
T
87
Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent infection from wild boars
F
88
Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis
T
89
Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia only
F
90
In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis, because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests
T
91
Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
F
92
B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
T
93
Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
F
94
Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
T
95
With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
F
96
Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis
F
97
Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
T
98
Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
F
99
Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
T
100
In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
F
101
Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis
T
102
Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
T
103
Hungary is free from Brucella suis
F
104
Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
T
105
Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents
F
106
Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy
T
107
Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
F
108
Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis
F
109
Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows
T
110
Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
F
111
Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
T
112
Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
T
113
Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
F
114
Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle
T
115
Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
T
116
ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
T
117
Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
118
Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
F
119
In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
T
120
Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
121
Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows
T
122
Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed with the semen
T
123
Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
T
124
Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
T
125
Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected
F
126
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis
F
127
Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
T
128
Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
T
129
Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
F
130
Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
T
131
Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
T
132
Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
F
133
Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
F
134
Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
F
135
The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
F
136
Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
T
137
Calves can be born with Brucella
F
138
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
F
139
In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
T
140
Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
141
Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
T
142
The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
F
143
Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis
F
144
Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test
F
145
ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
T
146
Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease
T
147
Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886
F
148
Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
F
149
Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis
T
150
In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella **antigens** in the milk
T
151
Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella
F
152
Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis
T
153
Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are different
T
154
Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
T
155
An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis
F
156
Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd
T
157
In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory, because is enough for the diagnosis
F
158
In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk
F
159
S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
T
160
Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis
T
161
False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the serodiagnostics brucellosis
T
162
Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
F
163
ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum sample
F
164
Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs
F
165
Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os
T
166
After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
T
167
Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection
F
168
Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease
F
169
Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
F
170
Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis
T
171
Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Köster staining
T
172
Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
T
173
ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
F
174
Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls
F
175
Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
T
176
Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
T
177
Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle
F
178
Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
F
179
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only
F
180
Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats
T
181
Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
T
182
Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic institute in case of abortions
T
183
**Antibodies** against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test
T
184
Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any side effects
F
185
Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals
T
186
Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk
F
187
B. suis can infect cattle.
T
188
Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
T
189
In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease
T
190
Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
F
191
Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
F
192
B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
T
193
B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle
T
194
Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries
F
195
Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic
T
196
If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity
T
197
In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
T
198
Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
F
199
Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary
F
200
The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
F
201
Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as Brucella ovis
T
202
Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs
T
203
Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
F
204
Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle
F
205
Brucella ovis can infect humans
F
206
Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world
T
207
Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
F
208
Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare
F-
the other way
209
Brucella ovis is shed in semen
T
210
Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative
T
211
Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella ovis
T
212
It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
F
213
Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent
F
214
The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes
F
215
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical signs of the disease
F
216
Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis
F
217
The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain
F
218
Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men
F
219
Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe
F
220
Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection
T
221
Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract
T-
in rams
222
Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
T
223
Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
F
224
Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
T
225
Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
T
226
Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis
T
227
Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines
F
228
Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis
T
229
B. ovis has a wide host range
F
230
Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams
T
231
B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
T
232
B. ovis will cause high fever
F
233
B. ovis causes severe epididymitis
T
234
You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange
F-
test and remove
235
Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
F
236
Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis
F
237
The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams
T
238
There is no B. ovis in Hungary
F
239
Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
T
240
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk
F
241
AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep
T
242
The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep
F
243
Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral
T
244
B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat
T
245
Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd
F
246
Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat
T
247
Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
F
248
Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
T
249
Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
T
250
Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination
T-rev1 live
251
B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries
F
252
B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams
T
253
There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
T
254
Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary
F
255
Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis
T
256
Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep
T
257
Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
T
258
Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
T
259
Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
F
260
Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe
F
261
B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe
F
262
Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis
T
263
B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting
T
264
Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine
T
265
Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
T
266
Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination
F
267
Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
F
268
Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
T
269
Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis
F
270
Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
T
271
B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen
T
272
B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
F
273
In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta
T
274
Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males
F
275
Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
T
276
Brucella suis can infect dogs
T
277
Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis
T
278
Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
T
279
Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
T
280
Brucella canis is shed in the semen
T
281
Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
T
282
Brucella abortus can infect dogs
T
283
Brucella canis can infect humans
T
284
Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans
T
285
Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
F
286
Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs
T
287
Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
F
288
The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches
T
289
For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe
F
290
Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too
T
291
Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
T
292
Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
T
293
Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
T
294
Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs
F
295
In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood
T
296
Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease
T
297
Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species
T
298
Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection
T
299
Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
T
300
Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis
T
301
Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers
F
302
Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis
T
303
Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis
T
304
Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
F
305
Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis
F
306
Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis
F
307
In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture
T
308
In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle
T
309
Hares are susceptible to B. abortus
F
310
Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
F
311
Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans
T
312
High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans
T
313
Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
T
