FMD / Vesiciular Stomatitis+Bovine Ephemeral Fever / SVD+VES Flashcards
Taxonomy
FMD virus- Aphthovirus genus - Picornaviridae
Indiana vesiculovirus - Vesiculovirus Genus - Rhabdoviridae
Ephemeral Fever Virus- Ephemerovirus genus - Rhabdoviridae
Swine Vesicular Disease - Enterovirus genus - Picornaviridae (indistinguishable FMD)
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine - Vesivirus genus - Caliciviridae (Atypical FMD)
Vesicle info
FMD (severe in goat and bovine) tattered edge-recover after immune response
SVD ( rupture in 2 days)
VES (heal fast)
VS (turn to ulcers in 1-2 days - Self limiting healing in 10-14 days)
FMD is a chronic disease
F
FMD spreads slowly within the herd
F-highly contagious spreads rapidly with any discharge
FMD virus is shed by semen
T
Dogs are susceptible to FMD
T
Foot and mouth disease is serologically uniform
F-7 serotypes according to location
Foot and mouth disease virus is uniform, there are no serotype or subtypes of it
F
Because of the high variability of FMD virus cross protection cannot be observed even within the serotype
T
Within the FMD serotypes, subtypes can be differentiated
T 30+
The sample from the FMD suspected animal should be submitted to lab cooled but not frozen
T
FMD ulcers are usually sharp edged and regular round shaped
F-tattered (torn poor edged)
The foot and mouth disease is classified into 7 serotypes
T
The primary replication site for FMD is the tongue mucosa
F-tonsils pharyngeal laryngeal mucosa
FMD can be transmitted by frozen meat
T-months alive also by milk powder
The peracut form of FMD causes severe haemorrhages and death by shock
F- en eshei forms nmz
The chronic form of FMD means arthritis
F- no forms no arthritis just lameness- loss of keratin layer in swine feet
FMD is transmitted by insect vectors
F-per os aerogenous and discharge
Vesicles of FMD can fully recover after immune response
T
FMD causes the loss of hoof in swine
T
Foot and mouth disease can be carried for long time in the hoof tissue
T-and tonsils
The SAT-1,2 and 3 serotypes of FMD virus are present in Africa and Arabia
T
In humid cold environment, the FMD virus can retain its infectivity for weeks
T
Even the vaccinated animals can carry and shed the FMD virus
T
The main host (reservoir) of foot and mouth disease virus is swine
F -buffalo bovine
FMD induces lameness in sheep and oral vesicles in goats
T- sheep=limping goats=severe vesicles
FMD virus is shed in milk
T
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in dried milk for months
T- do not import powder milk
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in frozen milk for months
T
There are no neutralizing antibodies produced against foot and mouth disease virus
F- seroconversion and healing of vesicles after seroconversion(immune response)
For laboratory tests foot and mouth disease samples should be submitted in buffered transport medium
T
For laboratory tests FMD samples should be submitted frozen
F
The resistance of foot and mouth disease virus is low
F-good medium
The foot and mouth disease virus can retain its infectivity for 40 days in manure
T
In Europe supportive therapy is applied in the treatment of FMD
F only in endemic countries in EU culling remove from herd
Frothy and sticky nasal discharge is the characteristic sign of FMD
F no nasal discharge but salivation frothy sticky full of the virus shedding
The hedgehog is susceptible to FMD
T
All serotypes of foot and mouth disease can be detected worldwide
F
Foot and mouth disease can cause myocarditis in young animals
T
Ruminants can carry foot and mouth disease virus for up to 3 years
T
The Asia serotype of FMD virus is present in Turkey and in the Middle East
T Asia-1
The FMD virus is enveloped
F good resistance so no
FMD virus cannot be propagated in cell culture
F- it can and we see cell rounding and lysis CPE
FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture
F
24 hours after the inoculation of FMD virus into guinea pig paw pad vesicle formation can be observed
T
The FMD mortality is nearly 100%
F
The mortality of foot and mouth disease is very high in all age groups
F
The FMD suspected sample should be sent to lab by post (in mail)
F-not by post very slow
FMD virus can be transmitted by feed
T- per os contaminated feed with vesicular fluids or any discharge
Animals with foot and mouth disease shed the virus in the saliva
T
Animals can be infected with foot and mouth disease by inhalation
T
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease are the lymph nodes
F-tonsils pharyngeal laryngeal mucosa
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease is the bone marrow
F
Horses are susceptible to foot and mouth disease
F- not even toed ungulates
Cattle shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time comparing to swine
F-swine shed the virus for shorter time but with higher intensity 1000-3000x more
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to the environmental conditions
F
We can observe the most severe foot and mouth disease signs on sheep
F
In the control of foot and mouth disease vaccines are used in Europe
F
Vaccination using attenuated vaccines is the main way of control of foot and mouth in Europe
F
9 hours after infection foot and mouth disease virus can be shed by the infected animals
T
Swine shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time than cattle
T
Pigs shed more foot and mouth disease virus than cattle
T
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to acidic pH
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can infect ruminants and pigs
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can only infect animals
F
FMD is sporadic in Europe
T
Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks
T
FMD virus frequently causes carditis is young animals
T
Water buffalos are not susceptible for FMD
F
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles and lameness
T
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD
F
In Europe vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognize
T
For Europe Middle-East, Africa and Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD
T
In young animal FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis
T
FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly
T
In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD
T
O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild
T
he resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days
F
About half of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD
T
FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle East and North- Africa
T
FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets
T
In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMD
T
Pigs shed large amount of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease
T
FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform
F
The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo
T
FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal
T
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base
T
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection
F
FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure
T-40d
Genotype C of FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide
F-extinct
Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants
T
Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection
F-9h
FMD virus is shed by semen too
T
Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus
T
