Togaviruses Genral Equine Encephalomyelitis Chikungunya virus

Question 1

Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

Answer 1

F

Question 2

Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

Answer 2

T

Question 3

The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Togaviruses cause airborne infection

Answer 4

F

Question 5

Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

Answer 5

F

Question 6

Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 6

T

Question 7

No vaccines are available against togaviruses

Answer 7

F

Question 8

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

Answer 8

F

Question 9

Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 9

F

Question 10

The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

Answer 10

F

Question 11

Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

Answer 11

F

Question 12

In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 14

F

Question 15

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection

Answer 17

F

Question 18

Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

Answer 20

F

Question 21

Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

Answer 21

F

Question 22

In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

Answer 23

F

Question 24

Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

Answer 24

F

Question 25

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses

Answer 26

F

Question 27

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

Answer 30

F

Question 31

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

Answer 31

F

Question 32

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

Answer 32

T

Question 33

Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections

Answer 34

T

Question 35

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

Answer 35

T

Question 36

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

Answer 36

F

Question 37

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis

Answer 37

T

Question 38

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 39

T

Question 40

Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

Answer 40

F

Question 41

The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide

Answer 41

T

Question 42

American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans

Answer 42

T

Question 43

Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses

Answer 43

F

Question 44

American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

Answer 44

T

Question 45

Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes

Answer 45

T

Question 46

Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

Answer 46

T

Question 47

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse

Answer 47

F

Question 48

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 48

T

Question 49

Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 49

F

Question 50

Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide

Answer 51

F

Question 52

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons

Answer 52

T

Question 53

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

Answer 53

T

Question 54

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 54

T

Question 55

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology

Answer 55

F

Question 56

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

Answer 56

F

Question 57

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 57

F

Question 58

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

Answer 58

F

Question 59

Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

Answer 59

T

Question 60

Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

Answer 60

T