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IGCSE FLASH CARDS > Business 2 > Flashcards

Business 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Define motivation

A

Is the reason why employees want to work hard and effectively for the business

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2
Q

Why people work

A

Money
Social needs
Esteem needs
Job satisfaction
Security

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3
Q

The benefits of a well-motivated workforce

A

Labour productivity
Reduced absenteeism
Low rates of stike action

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4
Q

Theory of human needs

A

Maslow’s hierarchy

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5
Q

5 levels of Maslow’s (top-bottom)

A

Self-actualisation - being promoted
Esteem needs - recognition for a job well done
Social needs - colleagues who support you
Safety/security needs - job security
Physiological needs - wages high enough

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6
Q

State the two motivational theories

A

Taylor and Herzberg

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7
Q

Define the Taylor´s theory

A

Money is the main motivator for productivity

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8
Q

Define the Herzberg´s theory

A

Motivators and hygiene factors

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9
Q

State the hygiene factors (must be)

A

Security
Salary
Well working conditions

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10
Q

Methods of motivation

A

Financial and non-financial

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11
Q

Examples of financial motivation

A

Wage
Salary
Bonus
Time rate ( 1h=$50 )
Price rate ( 60p=$76 )

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12
Q

Examples of non-financial motivation

A

Job enrichment
Job rotation
Training
Promotion opportunities

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13
Q

Define organisational structure

A

Refers to the levels of managment and division of responsibilities with in an organisation

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14
Q

Define organisational chart

A

Refers to a diagram that outlines the internl managment structure

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15
Q

Define levels of hierarchy

A

Refers to managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar lever or reponsibility in a organisation

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16
Q

Define span of control

A

Is the number of subordinates working directly under a manager

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17
Q

Define chain of command

A

The structure in a organisation which allows intructions to be passed down from senior managment to lower levels of managment

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18
Q

State the roles and responsibilities of directors

A

Stablish the business overall goals
Set long-term plans and targets for the business

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19
Q

State the roles and responsibilities of managers

A

Work to achieve the set targets
Organise employees and other resoures in the best ways possible

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20
Q

State the roles and responsibilities of supervisors

A

Help managers to achieve the targets
Take simple decisions such as allocating the tasks to some employees

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21
Q

State the roles and responsibilities of employees

A

Carry out the business basic duties or activities

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22
Q

State the functions of management

A

Planning,
Organising
Coordinating
Commanding
Controlling

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23
Q

Define delegation

A

Means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks

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24
Q

Importance of delegation

A

Makes work more interesting
Gives authority to others to takes decisions and perform tasks
Employee development increases job satisfaction

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25
State the three leadership styles
Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire
26
Define autocratic leadership style
Is where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
27
Define democratic leadership style
Gets other employees involved in the decision making process
28
Define laissez faire leadership style
Makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organize their own work
29
Define trade union
A group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected
30
State the effects of employees being union members
Improved working conditions Financial support if a member thinks that they have been unfairly dismissed
31
Disa. for employees of being union members
It costs to be a member Workers may be required to take industrial action even if they dont agree
32
Define recruitment
Is the procces from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business
33
Define selection
Process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting an individual for employment based on the needs of the organisation
34
State the two recruitment/selection methods
Internal recruitment External recruitment
35
Define internal recruitment
Is when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business
36
Define external recruitment
Is when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business
37
Main stages in recruitment and selection of employees (7)
Define the role Job analysis Job description Job specification Job advertised Receive application Interviews and selection
38
Define part-time employment
Often considered to be between 1-35 hours a week
39
Define full-time employment
Usually work of 35 hours or more a week
40
Benefits of part-time employees
Productivity can improve Costs of the business decrease Enhance workforce flexibility
41
Limitations of part-time employees
Employees may be less committed to the business Monitoring them can be difficult
42
Benefits of full-time employees
Encourage loyalty Stable and consistent workforce Higher levels of productivity
43
Limitations of full-time employees
More expensive Less flexible Can lead to overstaffing during slow periods
44
Define job analysis
Identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job
45
Define job description
Outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job
46
Define job specification
A document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, physical characteristics etc for an specific job
47
Importance of training to a business
To introduce new equipment Improve the efficiency of the workforce Decrease the supervision needed Improve the opportunity for internal promotion
48
Importance of training to a employee
Increase skills Improve employees attitudes Can be a motivator
49
State the three types of training
Induction training On-the-job-training Off-the-job-training
50
Define Induction training
Introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business activities, customs and introducing them to their fellow workers
51
Define On-the-job-training
Occurs by watching a more experienced worker doing the job
52
Define Off-the-job-training
Being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialised trainers
53
Benefit and limitation of induction training
B:Reduce time taken for new employees being productive L:Time-consuming
54
Benefit and limitation of on-the-job-training
B:Often more practical and relevant, can be cost-effective F:If mistakes are seen during the learning sesion would impact on the production
55
Benefit and limitation of off-the-job-training
B:Bring fresh ideas, can be used as a reward L:Can be expensive, miss work and risk of not being directly applicable
56
Define dismissal
When employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working in accordance with the employment contract
57
Define redundancy
When an employee is no longer needed and so loses the job. It is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory
58
Examples of situations in which downsizing the workforce might be necessary
Automation Reduced demand for products
59
State the legal controls over employment contracts (4)
Unfair dismissal Discrimination Health and safety Legal minimum wage
60
Why effective communication is important
Minimise mistakes Understand their role and know what is expected of them Ensures that the business values and objectives are clear
61
State the three communication methods
Verbal Visual Written
62
Benefits and limitations of verbal communication
B:Face to face in real time L:Unreliable if its through internet connections or geographical distances
63
Benefits and limitations of visual communication
B:Can simplify complex info L:Feedback may be limited and some diagrams/charts may be needed of verbal support
64
Benefits and limitations of written communication
B:Provide a record, fast and real time, message can be copy and resend L:Can be missinterpreted, requires literacy and technical skills, feedback may be limited
65
Types of communication (2)
Internal External
66
Barriers of communication
Cultural differences Lack of time Technological barriers Lack of feedback Noise and distractions Language
67
What are the problems of ineffective communication
Missunderstandings Conflicts Inefficiency
68
Define internal communication
Is between members of the same organisation
69
Define external communication
Is between the organisation and other organisations or individuals

IGCSE FLASH CARDS (19 decks)

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