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IGCSE FLASH CARDS > PE 4.8-4.16 > Flashcards

PE 4.8-4.16 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

State the use of technology in sport (3)

A

Decision-making by officials
Recording time and distance
Enhancing performance

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2
Q

The positive impact of technology on officials

A

Improved communication
Helps on the decision.making

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3
Q

The positive impact of technology on performers

A

Improvements in equipment
Able to review decisions that may be unfair

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4
Q

The negative impact of technology on officials

A

May become too reliant on the system

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5
Q

The negative impact of technology on performers

A

Not all performers have access
Can interrupt or slow down the game

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6
Q

The positive impact of technology on audience/spectators

A

Better informed
They know that most of the time is fair

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7
Q

The negative impact of technology on audience/spectators

A

May see poor decisions
Mistakes are still made as “reviews” are limited

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8
Q

The positive impact of technology on sport/event

A

Fairer
Investment into sport
Adds drama and suspense

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9
Q

The negative impact of technology on sport/event

A

Can disrupt play too often
Doesn’t always give the right decision

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10
Q

State the factors that affect access to physical activity (4)

A

Age
Gender
Disability
Social and cultural influences

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11
Q

State the factors that affect participation (4/6)

A

Access
Discrimination
Education
Environment and climate
Family
Financial considerations

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12
Q

Strategies to increase participation and overcome barriers (3)

A

Promotion
Provision
Access

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13
Q

How does promotion increase participation and overcome barriers (2)

A

Increase media coverage of women’s sport, ethnic minority sport and disability sport

More role models, especially women

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14
Q

How does provision increase participation and overcome barriers (2)

A

More PE in National Curriculum for schools

Increase opportunities for women’s sport, minority sport and disability sport

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15
Q

How does access increase participation and overcome barriers (2)

A

Sensible pricing to participate, reduced charges for certain groups

Allow alternative dress codes to reduce religious/cultural discrimination

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16
Q

State the reasons why some performers use prohibited performance-enhancing drugs (3)

A

To enhance performance
To keep up with the competition
Fame and increased wealth.

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17
Q

State the types of PEDs (4)

A

Anabolic steroids
Beta blockers
Stimulants
Diuretics

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18
Q

Effects of anabolic steroids

A

increase muscle mass

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19
Q

Effects of beta blockers

A

reduce anxiety

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20
Q

Effects of stimulants

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A

increase alertness

21
Q

Effects of diuretics

22
Q

Types of testing (2)

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A

Blood sample
Urine sample

23
Q

State the reasons for banning drugs (3)

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A

Unfair advantage
Health
Change the natural balance of hormones in the body.
It maintains the essence of the “spirit of sport”

24
Q

Disadvantages of PEDs (3/5)

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A

Health implications
Financial penalty
Public humiliation
Disqualification or being banned
Effect on other competitors

25
Why some performers use blood doping
To improve the oxygen carrying capacity of the body.
26
How blood doping is carried out.
Few months before a competition, a pint of blood is taken from the body. The blood is then stored. In just over a week, the body has replaced the removed blood. Shortly before competition, the stored blood is put back into the body.
27
The effects of blood doping on performance
This gives an advantage to those involved in sports requiring endurance
28
The potential side effects of blood doping
There is a high risk of infection, as the process is not done under medical conditions. Capillaries can become blocked due to the extra blood which is now in the system.
29
Define the term sportsmanship
Performers upholding the spirit of the game by being honest, playing by the rules and showing respect for their opponents
30
Define the term gamesmanship
Seeking to gain and advantage any way you can that is not against the rules
31
How sportsmanship can be displayed
Shaking hands Helping an injured opponent
32
How gamesmanship can be displayed
Pressuring officials into making decisions Mind games to distract opponents
33
The difference between real risk and perceived risk
Real risk: The amount of danger that actually exists in the activity Perceived risk: The subjective view a person has of the risk of the activity.
34
Potential causes of winding
Temporary breathing difficulty caused by a blow to the abdomen or chest, by a ball or opponent
35
Simple treatments for winding
Loosen clothing Sit in a crouched position to allow muscles to relax
36
Potetial causes of simple cuts or grazes
Impact/fall break skin
37
Simple treatements for cuts or gazes
Apply pressure with a clean bandage to stop the bleeding, disinfect the wound, cover with a dressing
38
Potential causes of blisters
Repeated rubbing of skin
39
Simple treatements for blisters
If unbroken. Don't pierce the bubble. If broken, don't peel off the dead skin, allow fluid to drain, wash with mild soap, cover with a sterile dressing
40
Causes of bruises
Impact with a hard object causes that capillaries to break or burst
41
Causes of muscle injuries
Overuse or sudden explosive moments
42
Causes of tendon injuries
Sudden sharp movements
43
Causes of ligament injuries
Ligaments are twisted or pulled past their normal range of movement
44
Define the RICE method
Rest, ice, compression elevation
45
What to do at rest on RICE method
Stop activity immediately to prevent more damage, rest and protect injured area
46
What to do at ice on RICE method
Apply ice pack to reduce pain and inflammation, re-apply every 2-3 hours
47
What to do at compression on RICE method
Apply pressure by wrapping the area in an elastic bandage, this will help to reduce swelling
48
What to do at elevation on RICE method
Elevate the injured body part above the level of the heart reduce pain and swelling

IGCSE FLASH CARDS (19 decks)

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