Camels

Question 1

How should you handle camelids?

Answer 1

Limit eye contact
Avoid touching head

Quiet environment
Follow the leader

Halter and lead rope

Solid wall
Chutes
Food bribes

Body bind and spit rags

Question 2

What are the water requirements for alpaca vs llama?

Answer 2

Alpaca 2.5-4L

Llama 4-6L

Question 3

Normal TPR for a llama glama?

Answer 3

Temp 99-102
HR 60-90
RR 10-30/min

Question 4

At what age does the 1st incisor erupt?

Answer 4

2-2.5 years

Question 5

When does the second incisor erupt?

Answer 5

2.5-3 yrs

Question 6

At what age does the third incisor erupt?

Answer 6

3-4yrs

Question 7

How does the jugular anatomy differ from other species?

Answer 7

Skin is up to 1cm thick in upper cervical region

Process of cervical vertebra curve ventrally around the jugular and carotid vessels

Jugular is separate from the carotid high in the neck but joins carotid and vagosympathetic trunk in lower neck

Question 8

Sites for venipuncture in llama ?

Answer 8

Jug high — dorsal and caudal to angle of the mandible

Jug low — just cranial to the point of the shoulder and medial to the ventral processes of C5 or C6

Cephalic — good with neonates

Ear vein
Tail vein
Saphenous

Question 9

How many compartments does the llama stomach have ?

Answer 9

3

C1 — left side of abdomen, dorsal and ventral sacs with saccules in the wall for bicarb secretion

C2– has secretory saccules

C3– tubular secreting HCl and secretory enzymes

Question 10

What is the structure of the llama digit?

Answer 10

Foot has 2 digits with a pad and 2 nails rather than a hoof

Walk on P2 and P3

Question 11

How much DMI is required for the llama to have adequate nutrition ?

Answer 11

2-4% of body weight

Question 12

For llamas in late gestation and early lactation, what can you add to the diet to increase %protein?

Answer 12

Grain (12-14% protein)

Question 13

How much grain is required for a growing llama?

Answer 13

16% grain supplement

Question 14

When do fighting teeth erupt in the male?

Answer 14

2-3 years

2 upper and 1 lower
— can be removed at gum line with obstetrical wire

Question 15

T/F: all vaccinations in llamas are extralabel usages

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What vaccines do we usually give to our llamas?

Answer 16

Clostridium C and D
Tetanus
EHV-1

Lepto in endemic areas

Rabies in problem areas

Question 17

Sites for injections in llama?

Answer 17

Lightly-haired area on the back of rear leg (IM, or SQ)

Chest wall behind elbow (SQ)

Question 18

How can you diagnose pregnancy in llama?

Answer 18

Refusal of breeding 14days post breeding

US
— rectally at 12days, heart beat at 21-28days

Rectal palpation — 30days in maiden, 45days in multifarious

Question 19

Signs of premature birth of cria ?

Answer 19

Weighs less than 20lbs

Lack of tooth eruption
Short hair
Domed cavarium
Toe caps dont come off

Question 20

How much colostrum should a cria take in within the first 12-18hrs of life?

Answer 20

10% of BWt

Question 21

What test can you use to assess passive transfer?

Answer 21

Total protein fairy reliable

If TP <5 = FPT

If TP 5-6 = some transfer

If TP > 6 = adequate transfer

Radial immunodiffusion test — need llama specific IgG

Question 22

IgG concentration is 400mg/dl in a llama.. what is your assessment of passive transfer?

Answer 22

Failure of passive transfer

<400-500 mg/dL = complete failure

Question 23

At what level of IgG concentration is passive transfer adequate?

Answer 23

> 1500mg/dl

Question 24

When are llamas usually weaned by?

Answer 24

4-5months

Usually eat solids by 2-3weeks of age