Food Animal Urology 2

Question 1

UTIs are primarily ascending infections resulting form?

Answer 1

Stagnation of urge flow from dehydration 
Downer cows 
Infected urachus 
Cystotomy tubes 
Trauma from uroliths

Question 2

Clinical signs of UTI/pyelonephritis

Answer 2

Ill thrift 
Fever 
Vague colic signs 
Stranguria 
Purulent material or blood in urine

Question 3

Treatment of UTI/pyelonephritis?

Answer 3

Culture and sensitivity is important for antibiotic selection

Penicillin and B lactams are a good initial choice
— continue for an extended period

Promoting diuresis is important to flush urinary tract

Question 4

Bacteria responsible for contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?

Answer 4

Corynebacterium renale

Question 5

Clinical signs of contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?

Answer 5

Hematuria
Pollakiuria
Pyuria

Thickened bladder wall
Enlarged ureters
Painful kidney

Question 6

Treatment for contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?

Answer 6

Penicillin, high dose for at least 2 weeks

Nephrectomy if only one kidney is involved

Prognosis is poor

Question 7

Pathogenesis of C.renale?

Answer 7

Hydrolzyes urea to form ammonia in urine of animals on high protein diet which excretes high levels of urea

Ammonia irritates skin —> maceration and ulceration

May spread into preputial cavity
Swelling and preputial prolapse

Can lead to stenosis and phimosis, or distort vulvar comminuted

Question 8

Treatment for ulcerative posthitis/vulvitis?

Answer 8

Debride and emollient antibacterial ointment
Dry environment
Penicillin
Reduce protein in the diet

“Petercillin”
—lanolin
—scarlet oil
—oxytetracycline

Question 9

What bacteria is assoicated with necrotic posthitis?

Answer 9

Fusobacterium necrophorum

—usually in wet feedlot pens

Question 10

Treatment of necrotic posthitis?

Answer 10

Debride and emollient antibacterial ointment
Dry environment
Penicillin

Good prognosis if caught early

Question 11

What is the cause of “thin sow syndrome”

Answer 11

Corynebacterium suis

Question 12

What does cornybacterium suis cause and how would you treat it?

Answer 12

Cystitis and pyelonephritis

Penicillin

Question 13

Chronic infectous with Leptospirosis causes??

Answer 13

Interstitial nephritis

Pomona and grippotyphosa causes severe hemolytic disease, intersitial nephritis, and tubular necrosis in calves

Question 14

Diagnoses of lepto?

Answer 14

Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT)

Dark field microscopy, immunofluorescent antibody test, and PCR — renal tissue, urine, or urine sediment

Culture is difficult.

Question 15

Treatment for lepto?

Answer 15

Tetracycline and penicillins

Question 16

Prevention of lepto?

Answer 16

Vaccination

Remove access to standing water and minimize rodent and wildlife exposure

ZOONOTIC

Question 17

What metals are nephrotoxic?

Answer 17

Arsenic 
Mercury 
Lead 
Zinc 
Copper

Question 18

What antimicrobials can be nephrotoxic?

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides 
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides 
Ionophores
NSAIDS

Question 19

What plants are nephrotoxic agents?

Answer 19

Pigweed (amarantus retroflexus) 
Bracken fern 
Easter Lilly (lilium) 
Oak (quercus) 
Cocklebur (xanthium spp)

Question 20

If a animal ingests pigweed, what usually is the cause of death?

Answer 20

Hyperkalemia

Question 21

Chronic ingestion of bracken fern causes _________

Answer 21

Transitional cell carcinoma and intermittent hematuria

Question 22

What are clinical signs of bracken fern toxicity?

Answer 22

Multiple animals affected with hematuria and anemia

On rectal palp — thickened bladder
US — thick bladder without intramural masses protruding into the lumen

Question 23

What is the toxic principe of oak?

Answer 23

Tannin or gallotanin

Question 24

Clinical signs of oak poisoning?

Answer 24

Hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, precipitation of proteins

—gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, edema, renal lesions

Question 25

What are your two differentials for hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, edema, and diarrhea ?

Answer 25

Renal amyloidosis

Jones disease

Question 26

What common congenital defects can affect the urinary system?

Answer 26

Patent urachus (commonly occurs following C section)

Urachal abscess (usually at proximal end) — A pyogenes, Ecoli, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus.

Polycystic kidney — unilateral can mask dz, bilateral calves often are still births

Renal oxalosis — deposits in fetal glomeruli, tubules, and collecting ducts

Urachal vestiges — persistent or infected

Question 27

Signs of a urachal vestiges?

Answer 27

Dysuria
Pollakiuria
Stranguria

Treat with surgical removal

Question 28

Neoplasms of the external genitalia?

Answer 28

Fibropaapilloma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

Neoplasms of the kidney?

Answer 29

Lymphosarcoma
Adenoma
Nephroblastoma