Poultry

Question 1

What breed of chicken are broilers?

Answer 1

White Plymouth Rock

—> heavy meat breed marketed 6-9weeks old and 4.5-5lbs

Question 2

What breed of chicken are layers?

Answer 2

White leghorn

Question 3

Why of chickens often de-beaked?

Answer 3

To prevent fighting

Question 4

At how many weeks do layers begin laying?

Answer 4

20weeks

Question 5

How many eggs can a layer hen produce per laying cycle?

Answer 5

250-300 eggs per cycle

Question 6

How many cycles are layer chickens kept?

Answer 6

2 cycles (75weeks)

Question 7

What occurs between egg laying cycles?

Answer 7

6 week forced molt

Question 8

When does natural molting occur?

Answer 8

Fall

Question 9

How can you force molt a chicken?

Answer 9

2-3weeks of dietary manipulation

Bodyweight drops 25%

Question 10

What is good preventative medicine in layer facilites ?

Answer 10

Disease free chicks

Maximum hygiene

Biosecurity

Adequate nutrition

Vaccination programs

Question 11

What commercial viral vaccines are available in chickens?

Answer 11

Marek’s 
Newcastle 
Infectious bronchitis 
Infectious bursa disease 
Laryngiotraceitis

Question 12

What type of vaccine is Marek’s disease vax?

Answer 12

In ovo vaccination

18 days incubation ideal time frame into amniotic sac

Question 13

Where are sQ vaccines typically given?

Answer 13

Wing web

Question 14

T/F: the large white turkey cannot breed on their own and must be artificially inseminated

Answer 14

True

Same as broad breasted white
Hollands white
Beltsville white

Question 15

Juvenile turkeys are called?

Answer 15

Pouts

Question 16

When are turkeys marketed?

Answer 16

Females 14weeks (14-16lbs)

Toms at 20 weeks (28-30lbs)

Question 17

What is the most common skeletal deformity in chicks?

Answer 17

Rickets

— lack of Ca or vitD

Question 18

Clinical signs of rickets?

Answer 18

Rubbery bones
Enlarged joints
Lameness
Bowing of legs

Question 19

What is cage layer fatigue?

Answer 19

Osteoporosis/osteomalacia

Absorption of calcium leading to pathological fractures
Eggs become thin shelled and decrease hatchability

Question 20

What can you supplement to birds suffering from cage layer fatigue?

Answer 20

Lacking Ca

Limestone or oyster shell

Question 21

Syndrome often seen with layer fatigue ?

Answer 21

Fatty liver syndrome

Question 22

What birds are affected by fatty liver syndrome?

Answer 22

High producer with high caloric intake

Obese hens with friable fatty livers
Aflatoxins in corn meal can exacerbate

Question 23

A deficiency in ______ causes perosis (shortening and rotation of long bones) in young birds?

Answer 23

Manganese

Question 24

What are the components of “slipped tendon” in chickens?

Answer 24

Manganese deficiency causes perosis

Gastroc tendon is displaced and hock joints swell

Chondrodystrophy

Question 25

A deficiency in VitE/selenium causes what disease in chickens/

Answer 25

Exudative diathesis (birds 5-11weeks) White muscle disease (muscular dystrophy) Crazy chick disease (encephalomalacia)

Question 26

What types of diets are deficiency in vitE?

Answer 26

Diets with rancid cod liver or soybean oil | Corn and soybean growth in selenium deficient soil

Question 27

Clinical signs of exudative diathesis?

Answer 27

Severe edema/ weeping of skin Skin bruises and scabs easily

Question 28

Squamous metaplaisa of secretory epithelium Hyperkeratosis Ataxia, droopiness, swelling of eyes Are all clinical signs of??

Answer 28

Vit A deficiency

Question 29

What are the B vitamins?

Answer 29

``` Riboflavin Niacin Folic Acid Biotin Thiamin Cyanocobalmin ```

Question 30

What are clinical signs of niacin deficiency?

Answer 30

Swollen hocks, bowed legs, slipped gastrocnemius tendon Bowed legs in ducklings Perosis in goslings

Question 31

Clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency?

Answer 31

Curled toe paralysis Stunting, diarrhea, enlargement of brachial and sciatic nerve sheaths Parrot beak (chondrodytrophy) Clubbed down— neck and vent feathers dont rupture sheaths Poults — diarrhea and cessation of growth

Question 32

Treatment for riboflavin deficiency?

Answer 32

Autolyzed yeast or sodium riboflavin

Question 33

What type of virus is avian influenza?

Answer 33

Orthomyxovirus type A (RNA)

Question 34

What are the two forms of avian influenza?

Answer 34

High pathogenicity | Low pathogenicity

Question 35

What are the H and N of avian influenza?

Answer 35

``` H = hemagglutinins N= neuroamididase ```

Question 36

Reservoir of avian influenza ?

Answer 36

Waterfowl and shorebirds

Question 37

What clinical signs do you see in the mild form of avian influenza

Answer 37

Tracheal, sinus, and airsac inflammation GI problems Ischemia of the combs and legs

Question 38

Clinical signs of fowl plague?

Answer 38

100% mortality CNS, resp, and GI dz Necrosis of skin, comb, wattles, and liver Hemorrhagic

Question 39

What yep of virus is Newcastle dz?

Answer 39

Paramyxovirus type 1

Question 40

T/F: avian influenza and Newcastle are zoonotic

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What are the forms of Newcastle dz?

Answer 41

Lentogenic - endemic, few signs Mesogenic -resp, CNS (torticollis) moderate mortality, endemic Velogenic - short duration, rapid res, diarrhea, paralysis, acute mortality Vicertorphic velogenic (reportable)

Question 42

What type of virus is infectous laryngiotrachitieis?

Answer 42

Herpesvirus

Question 43

T/F: infectous laryngotracheitis has high morbidity, high mortality

Answer 43

False High morbidity Low- moderate mortality

Question 44

Clinical signs associated with infectious laryngotracheitis ?

Answer 44

Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares Caseous material in airways

Question 45

Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares Caseous material in airways DDX?

Answer 45

Infectous laryngotracheitis Wet fowl pox

Question 46

What are the two forms of fowl pox?

Answer 46

Dry, cutaneous — wart like nodules around the face, eyes, comb, and wattles Wet, diptheritic form — white nodules on oropharynx, larynx, and trachea (diptheritic membrane —> asphyxiates)

Question 47

What is the most economically important dz of turkeys?

Answer 47

Fowl cholera (pasteurella)

Question 48

Chickens with respiratory distress, cyanosis, green diarrhea, and acute death Necrosis, swollen, parboiled liver, severe pneumonia, pericarditis, air sacculitis Dx?

Answer 48

Fowl cholera - pasturella

Question 49

What do you see in the chronic form of pasturella?

Answer 49

Infection of wattles (caseous), snood, joints (caseous arthritis), torticollis

Question 50

What is coryza?

Answer 50

Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

Question 51

What agent causes infectious coryza?

Answer 51

Avibacterium (hemophilus) paragallinarum

Question 52

Clinical signs of coryza?

Answer 52

``` Nasal discharge Conjunctivitis Adherence of the eyelids Facial edema Distention of intra-orbital sinus ```

Question 53

What mycoplasma sp affects chickens as a primary respiratory pathogen?

Answer 53

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 54

What dz does mycoplasma meleagridis cause and in what sp?

Answer 54

Blackhead in turkey Air sacculitis in turkeys too Venereal transmission, localized in cloaca and phallus

Question 55

What causes avian infectious bronchitis?

Answer 55

Chlamydiosis

Question 56

Clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis?

Answer 56

Abnormal eggs with respiratory signs Gassing, sneezing, coughing, cheesy exudate at tracheal bifurcation causes asphyxia and dyspnea

Question 57

What does apergillus cause in chicks?

Answer 57

Brooder pneumonia | Air sac granulomas

Question 58

How does an egg appear when infected with aspergillus?

Answer 58

Embryo will have green colour when candled