Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM LAM II > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a characteristic stance for cattle with respiratory disease?

A

Stand motionless
Elbows abducted
Head lowered with neck extended
Open mouth breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common predisposing factors to respiratory disease?

A 
Stress 
Vaccination 
Source of infection 
Biosecurity 
Lungworm

Poor housing

  • ventilation
  • overcrowding
  • poor quality bedding
  • common airspace’s
  • mixing animals of different ages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increased inspiratory effort indicates ?

A

Upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Increased expiratory effort indicated??

A

Lower respiratory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What clinical sign do you usually see with tracheal irritation?

A

Non-productive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Expiratory grunting is usually associated with _______ pain

A

Thoracic

Eg pleuritis and severe pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inspiratory AND expiratory grunting are usually assoicated with ________ pain

A

Cranial abdominal

Eg TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would be your top differential for an animal that is squinting their eyes, holding their head abnormally, and has discharge coming from their head at previous dehorning site?

A

Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When you percuss a sinus with exudate or tissue present, it will have a _________ sound

A

Dull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EDx of nasal obstructions?

A

Foreign body, trauma, neoplasia, inflammation

Nasal granuloma caused by fungal agents are rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common presentation of nasal obstruction?

A

Unilateral nasal airflow
Respiratory stridor

Severe dyspnea with open mouth breathing if bilateral obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the obstruction if both nostrils have reduced airflow?

A

Mass caudal to nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of neoplasms re seen in the nasal cavity?

A 
Squamous cell carcinoma 
Liposarcoma 
Lymphosarcoma 
Chondrosarcoma 
Osteoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wha. can cause a granuloma in the nasal cavity?

A

Actinoballilosis

Nocardiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common causes of pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Inappropriate use of oral dosing equipment, stomach tubes, or potentially coarse feedstuffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bacteria are usually isolated from pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscesses?

A

Aracnobacter (trueperella pyogenes) and anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical signs of pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscess?

A 
Head and neck extension 
Pharyngeal swelling 
Excessive salivation 
Increased water, decreased feed 
Malodorous breath, severe pain on palpation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methods of diagnosis for pharyngeal abscess?

A

Oral exam and palpation of the throatlatch

Endoscopy
Radiography
US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscesses?

A

Lancing the abscess — intraorally or vial lateral/ventral cervical approach

Antibiotics — pencillin, ampicillin,oxytetracyclin, florfenicil, or ceftiofur

Pain— Banamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Laryngeal / pharyngeal dysfunction often occurs secondary to ____________ of the laryngeal cartilages

A

Chondritis

In recently weaned, can occur secondary from excessive bawling or vocalizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Was is the causitive agent of calf diphtheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

—> necrotic pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cow with hyperemic buccal mucosa
Pustules on the tongue
Sloughing of the ventral mucosal of tongue

PM
Shows edema of the tracheal rings

Dx?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bovine herpes virus

23
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of BHV1 and what do they each cause?

Study These Flashcards
A

BVH 1.1 : respiratory and abortion
BHV 1.2a : genital tract infections (vulvovaginitis)
BHV 1.2b : respiratory dz only

24
Q

T/F: there is cross protection between the three subtypes of BHV1

25
What is the usual signalment for cows with BHV1
Calves 6 months or older
26
T/F: BHV1 has high mortality but low morbidity
False High morbidity (up to 100%) Low mortality (10%)
27
How can BHV1 infection be confirmed?
``` Nasal swabs for virus isolation Immunofluorescence PCR ELISA Histopathology of affected tissue Immunohistochemistry to detect antigen Serum virus neutralizing antibody titers ```
28
Clinical signs of BHV1?
``` Fever Rhinitis Conjunctivitis Inappetence Labored breathing Drop in milk production Hyperemia of the muzzle Pustules and diphtheric plaques, ulceration of nasal mucosa and trachea ```
29
T/F: bovine parainfluenza ONLY causes disease of the respiratory tract
Tue
30
Bovine parainfluenza 3 belongs to what virus family?
Paramyxoviridae Enveloped virus
31
What does PI-3 affect?
Epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract —> damage to ciliated cells, mucous layer and mucociliary transport —> bronchitis
32
Clinical sign of PI-3?
Fever Depression Anorexia Nasal and ocular discharge Increased respiratory rate with tracheal rales (early)
33
How can you confirm PI-3 infection AM vs PM?
AM — history and clinical signs, serum virus neutralization antibody titer PM— mild interstitial pneumonia, intracytoplasmic inclusion in various regions of the nasal mucosa
34
What type of virus is bovine coronavirus?
Enveloped RNA virus
35
Viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) ?
Bovine respiratory syndactyl virus Bovine viral diarrhea virus PI3 Bovine Coronavirus
36
Preferred samples for bovine coronavirus isolation?
Nasal swabs ``` Labs can use.. antigen-capture ELISA Electron microscopy Virus isolation PCR ```
37
What virus family does BRSV belong to?
Paramyxovirus — penumovirus
38
Signalment of cattle affected by BRSV?
Disease of younger cattle, 3-12months
39
What cells does BRSV infect?
Epithelial cells of nasal mucosa and bronchi Type II pneumocytes Alveolar macrophages
40
Clinical signs for BRSV?
Mild to severe respiratory disease Fever +/- cough Nasal and ocular discharge Occasionally SQ emphysema from severely labored breathing, as well as pneumothorax
41
Diagnosis of BRSV?
Viral isolation in cell culture from nasal swabs PCR IHC of lung tissue 4x rise in virus neutralizing titers from acute to convalescent sample
42
How can BRSV be prevented?
Killed and MLV
43
What family and genus does bovine viral diarrhea virus belong to?
Family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus Along with classical swine fever and border disease virus of sheep
44
What are the biotypes of BVDV?
Cytopathic | Noncytopathic
45
What is the most important reservoir of BVDV?
Persistently infected calves Result because of infection of cattle between 42 and 125days of gestation Calves are immunotolerant to virus and are lifelong shedders
46
Most cases of PI cattle with BVDV have what genotype
Type 1B
47
How does BVDV cause immunosuppression?
Affects lymphoid organs and reduces Bcells, Tcells and neutrophils Also affects the innate immune system
48
What is the mean half life of passively acquired antibodies for BVDV?
23 days
49
Following exposure to a PI calf, what percent of susceptible (non-vaccinated cattle) will become infected with BVDV under feedlot conditions?
70-100%
50
What is mucosal disease?
Result of a PI calf (infected with non-cytopathic strain) comes into contact with cytopathological strain (or NCP mutates) Characterized by severe digestive tract dz with ulcers and erosions throughout the tract, skin lesions, and hoof lesions (interdigital)
51
Diagnosis of BVDV?
Virus isolation Antigen detection — immunofluorescence, antigen capture ELISA, immunohistochemistry Serology/antibody tests— virus neutralization
52
T/F: a PI calf will be seronegative to the strain of BVD that it acquired during its gestational life
True Can become seropositive if infected with a heterologous BVDV or vaccine
53
How can BVDV be prevented?
Biosecurity All new cattle should be tested neg (IHC or ACE) for BVDV If female, they should remain isolated until they calve with calves tested for BVDV. Appropriate receiving protocols, vaccination and early detection is critical PIs isolated, euthanize or fed to market weight

RUSVM LAM II (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions