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RUSVM LAM II > Swine. > Flashcards

Swine. Flashcards

1
Q

What environmental factors can lead to diarrhea in neonatal piglets?

A

Poor hygiene
Poor water supply
Low temperature for piglets
Draught

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2
Q

What factors related to the sow can cause neonatal piglet diarrhea?

A

No milk/colostrum production (mastitis agalactia)

First parity

Not enough teats

Non functional mammary glands

Poor diet —> low milk production

Not enough water

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3
Q

What do sows produce in colostrum to enhance the uptakeof intact immunoglobulins in piglets ?

A

Anti-trypsin factor

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4
Q

What is the pH of the stomach of a piglet?

A

Close to neutral (7)

Makes them susceptible to enteral infections

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5
Q

Piglet 3days old, presents with creamy diarrhea. One of your DDX is C. Difficile. How would you confirm/rule out this disease?

A

C. Difficile enterotoxin is confirmed by ELISA

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6
Q

What is the treatment fo r C. Difficile in sows and piglets?

A

Virginamycin —> sows

Tylosin —> piglets

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7
Q

Orange stained fecal diarrhea is a sign on?

A

Fecal blood loss

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8
Q

Which has a higher rate of mortality, C.difficile or C.perfringens type C?

A

C.perfringens

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9
Q

PM on a 5day old piglet .. Multifocal suppurative enteritis
Large gram positive rods

What is this?

A

Clostridium perfringens type A

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10
Q

Treatment of clostridium perfringens in sows and piglets?

A

Bacitracin —> sow and piglet

Salinomycin

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11
Q

Post weaning piglet is hypothermic, has watery diarrhea

What would be your top DDX and how would you make a diagnosis?

A

Top DDX would be E.coli

TGE, clostridial infections, rotavirus, and coccidiosis are usually seen in pre-weaning piglets.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting dz would have more systemic signs

Most other causes of diarrhea cause a mucohemorrhagic diarrhea

Dx: cluture (uniform pop of Ecoli confirms)
PCR for for enterotoxin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Ecoli in piglets?

A 
Ampicillin 
Gentamycin 
Neomycin 
Furizolidone 
Potentiated sulphur drugs
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13
Q

What are good ways to prevent E.coli infectious in your pig farms?

A

Good sanitation
All in all out
Sow vaccination (against pili) twice before farrowing

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14
Q

Neonatal pig with
Anorexia, ataxia, stupor, and recumbency.

What are your top DDX?

A

Edema dz (top)

Splay leg—> ataxia, would not see the other neuro signs mentioned

Swine influenza —> usually accompanied by fever, prostration, and weakness

Salt poisoning —> can also have recumbency and paddling legs, other neuro signs included, usually have a history of decreased water intake or high salt diet

Strep suis and hemophilus can also cause neurological abnormalites but usually are associated with joint disease.

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15
Q

In what age do you see coccidiosis (isospera suis) in pigs? And when do you see disease?

A

1-3week old
Nursing

Disease occurs when previously unexposed pigs are placed in highly contaminated environments

Carrier sows can be a source of infection

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16
Q

Piglets 1-3 weeks old are affected with yellow to clear, pasty diarrhea. They are dehydrated, have a rough hair coat, and are failing to gain weight.

DDX:

A

Coccidiosis (Isospera suis)

Rotavirus (usually is controlled with colostrum exposure)

TGE — high mortality with bright yellow feces

Clostridium difficile and perfringens usually affect piglets that are only a few days old.

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17
Q

Treatment for coccidiosis ?

A

Toltrazuil

Steam clean/flame clean environment

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18
Q

T/F: rotaviral enteritis is usually non fatal

A

True

Causes diarrhea and occasional vomiting due to villous atrophy

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19
Q

How can rotaviral infection be diagnosed?

A

EM or ELISA of feces (early cases )

FAT or IHC of small intestinal epithelium

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20
Q

T/F: transmissible gastroenteritis can affect pigs of any age

A

True

Most severe in piglets <4weeks old

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21
Q

What clinical signs do you see in TGE?

A

Vomiting and high mortality in piglets <3weeks old

Bright yellow feces in older pigs

Sows may vomit, be depressed, and refuse to nurse piglets

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22
Q

How can you confirm DX of TGE?

A

FAT or IHC on intestine

PCR on feces

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23
Q

What are the top two DDX for pigs with septicemia, acute meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, or bronchopneumonia?

A

Streptococcus suis

Hemophilus parasuis

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24
Q

T/F: strep suis is a zoonotic dz

A

True

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25
Q

How is strep suis transmitted?

A

Survives in dust and feces, can be isolated from nasal cavity and palatine tonsils

Nose to nose contact
Wounds
Flies and rodents may play a role

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26
Q

Treatment of streptococcus suis?

A

Penicillin
Ampicillin
Tiamulin
Ceftiofur

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27
Q

What syndrome of the sow usually occurs within three days of farrowing and is characterized by inadequate milk production

A

Hypogalactia Or Mastitis, metritis, agalactia (MMA)

28
Q

Risk factors for hypogalactia ?

A

Lack of nursing stimulation (too few pigs or too small/weak)

Bacterial metritis

Mastitis

Mammary edema
Errors in ration formulation

Confinement with little opportunity for exercise 
Constipation 
Obesity 
Moldy feeds 
Poor sanitation in farrowing environment
29
Q

A piglet has teat necrosis of the front two teats and vulvar swelling. What is the cause?

A

Endogenous or exogenous estrogen

Makes the skin vulnerable to trauma
Taping teats after birth may prevent

30
Q

10 week old pig with raised, reddened, ring-shaped lesions on the skin on the ventral abdomen

DX?

A

Pityriasis rosea

31
Q

Neonatal pigs with lateral extension of the hindlimbs and inability to adduct the legs

Dx?

A

Splay leg

32
Q

What are risk factors for splay leg?

A 
Genetic predisposition 
Slippery or sloped floors 
porcine stress syndrome 
Dietary deficiencies 
Low birth weights or tremors in piglets
33
Q

How can you treat splay leg ?

A

Affected piglets must be helped to nurse and protected from injury

Tying front or back legs together with sticky tape

Selection of breeding stock to reduce incidence

34
Q

What disease is characterized by absence of areas of skin, usually over the back, loin or thigh?

A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

35
Q

What other conditions commonly accompany epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

A

Hydroureter and hydronephrosis

36
Q

What disease is characterized by enlarged joints, lameness, endocarditis, and rhomboid skin lesions

A

Erysipelas

37
Q

T/F: erysipelas is zoonotic

A

True

Causes skin infection in humans

38
Q

What is the treatment and control of erysipelas?

A

Tx: penicillin or antiserum

Control: regular vaccination
Good sanitation
Elimination of carriers with skin and joint lesions
Appropriate quarantine measures for purchased stock

39
Q

What causes greasy pig disease ?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

40
Q

What are risk factors for greasy pig disease?

A 
Vesicular viral diseases 
Nutritional deficiency (zinc and vitamins)

Ringworm
Pityriasis rosea
Parasitism (including lice infestation)

Housing inadequacy

Immunological deficiency

Lack of completing bacterial flora 
Poor hygiene 
Poor ventilation 
High humidity 
Abrasions of the skin from trauma
41
Q

Pig with brownish spots 1-2cm in diameter, covered by serum and exudate.

Top DDX?

A

Greasy pig dz (exudative epidermitis)

42
Q

Treatment and control of greasy pig dz?

A

Rx: anecdotal recommendations including spraying pigs with 0% bleach, chlorhexidine, virkon or dilute iodine

Control: affected litters or individual pigs should be isolated immediately. Mingling of pigs should be avoided if an outbreak has occurred

43
Q

What are the DDX for a mucohemorrhagic diarrehea?

A 
Swine dysentery 
Spirochaetal colitis 
GI bleeding 
Whipworm 
Porcine proliferative enteritis 
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia 
Salmonellosis
44
Q

What causes swine dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

45
Q

What is the cause of spirochaetal colitis?

A

Brachyspira pilosicoli

46
Q

How is swine dysentery transmitted?

A

Ingested fecal material
Mice shed for 80days
Dogs can shed for 13days
Birds, flies, and fomites

47
Q

Clincial signs assoicated with swine dysentery?

A

Mucoid diarrhea (gray to yellow) followed by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea

Tail twitching
Humped gaunt appearance
Dehydration

48
Q

How can you confirm diagnosis of swine dysentery or spirochaetal colitis?

A

Clinical signs
Gross PM changes
Culture from rectal swab /colonic scribing

49
Q

How can SD be eliminated?

A

Early weaning into a clean site

Extensive medication (tiamulin, carbadox, lincomycin) after culling debilitated animals

Depopulation with thorough cleaning and disinfection during dry and warm months

50
Q

What species of salmonella affect swine?

A

S. Cholerasuis
S. Typhimurium
S. Typhisuis

51
Q

How is salmonellosis transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route
Contaminated feed and water and aerosols

Rodents and wild birds are. Believed to be important vectors

52
Q

How do the clinical signs differ between S.cholerasuis and S.typhimurium infection ?

A

S.cholerasuis (septicemic salmonellosis) —> acute death in thrifty pigs, inappetence, huddling, depression weakness, fever, red-purple

S.typhimurium (enterocolitic salmonellsosi)—> anorexia, diarrhea (watery, mucous, blood)

53
Q

How can you confirm salmonellosis disease?

A

History
Clinical signs
PM lesions

Culture and ID from organ samples — liver, spleen, mesenteric l.n.
Serotyping is available

54
Q

Treatment of salmonellosis?

A

Carbadox, gentamycin
Neomycin
Tiamulin
Ceftiofur

55
Q

What organism causes porcine proliferative enteritis?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

56
Q

What are clinical signs assoicated with porcine proliferative enteritis?

A

Brownish- black unclothed blood, pallor, weakness

Chronic cases — sporadic diarrhea, wasting, and variation in growth rate

57
Q

Treatment and control of PPE?

A

Tylosin, tetracycline, lincomycin, tiamulin, and carbadox

Elimination is difficult
No good screening tests, prevention is by minimizing stressors: transportation, sorting or commingling, vaccination of grower pigs

58
Q

What are risk factors for actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?

A

Overstocking
Inadequate ventilation
Confection with other respiratory pathogens
Unusual stress may facilitate transmission

Swine that survive become carriers

59
Q

Clinical signs of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?

A 
Sudden death is common 
High temp 
Apathy, anorexia 
Stiffness 
Vomiting and diarrhea 
Shallow non-productive cough
Cyanosis
Abortion in sows
60
Q

How can you diagnose actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?

A

Isolation and ID of APP exotoxins by PCR

Serology — ELISA, complement fixation

61
Q

Treatment and control of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?

A 
Tiamulin 
Tulathromycin 
Chortetracycline 
Ceftiofur 
Tilmucosin 
Florfenicil 
Enrofloxacin 
Procaine pen G 
Closed herd
Replacements from APP free farms 
All in all out 
Avoid overstocking 
Proper ventilation 
Vaccination of piglets and sows
62
Q

What causes atrophic rhinitis?

A

Bordetella bronchispetica and Pasturella multocidia (type D)

63
Q

Clinical signs associated with atrophic rhinitis?

A

Sneezing, snorting and a serous/mucopurulent nasal discharge are early signs

Rhinitis can obstruct tears through infraorbital dust —> “dirty hair” below canthus

Nose bleed
Growth retardation
Secondary bronchitis/pneumonia
Lateral or dorsal deviation of the snout

64
Q

Toxogenic pasturella multocidia produces ____________ toxin that causes marked turbinate atrophy

A

Dermonecrotizing

65
Q

T/F: piglets and sows can be vaccinated from atrophic rhinitis?

A

True

RUSVM LAM II (22 decks)

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