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RUSVM LAM II > Swine. > Flashcards

Swine. Flashcards

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1
Q

What environmental factors can lead to diarrhea in neonatal piglets?

A

Poor hygiene
Poor water supply
Low temperature for piglets
Draught

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2
Q

What factors related to the sow can cause neonatal piglet diarrhea?

A

No milk/colostrum production (mastitis agalactia)

First parity

Not enough teats

Non functional mammary glands

Poor diet —> low milk production

Not enough water

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3
Q

What do sows produce in colostrum to enhance the uptakeof intact immunoglobulins in piglets ?

A

Anti-trypsin factor

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4
Q

What is the pH of the stomach of a piglet?

A

Close to neutral (7)

Makes them susceptible to enteral infections

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5
Q

Piglet 3days old, presents with creamy diarrhea. One of your DDX is C. Difficile. How would you confirm/rule out this disease?

A

C. Difficile enterotoxin is confirmed by ELISA

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6
Q

What is the treatment fo r C. Difficile in sows and piglets?

A

Virginamycin —> sows

Tylosin —> piglets

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7
Q

Orange stained fecal diarrhea is a sign on?

A

Fecal blood loss

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8
Q

Which has a higher rate of mortality, C.difficile or C.perfringens type C?

A

C.perfringens

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9
Q

PM on a 5day old piglet .. Multifocal suppurative enteritis
Large gram positive rods

What is this?

A

Clostridium perfringens type A

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10
Q

Treatment of clostridium perfringens in sows and piglets?

A

Bacitracin —> sow and piglet

Salinomycin

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11
Q

Post weaning piglet is hypothermic, has watery diarrhea

What would be your top DDX and how would you make a diagnosis?

A

Top DDX would be E.coli

TGE, clostridial infections, rotavirus, and coccidiosis are usually seen in pre-weaning piglets.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting dz would have more systemic signs

Most other causes of diarrhea cause a mucohemorrhagic diarrhea

Dx: cluture (uniform pop of Ecoli confirms)
PCR for for enterotoxin

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Ecoli in piglets?

A 
Ampicillin 
Gentamycin 
Neomycin 
Furizolidone 
Potentiated sulphur drugs
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13
Q

What are good ways to prevent E.coli infectious in your pig farms?

A

Good sanitation
All in all out
Sow vaccination (against pili) twice before farrowing

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14
Q

Neonatal pig with
Anorexia, ataxia, stupor, and recumbency.

What are your top DDX?

A

Edema dz (top)

Splay leg—> ataxia, would not see the other neuro signs mentioned

Swine influenza —> usually accompanied by fever, prostration, and weakness

Salt poisoning —> can also have recumbency and paddling legs, other neuro signs included, usually have a history of decreased water intake or high salt diet

Strep suis and hemophilus can also cause neurological abnormalites but usually are associated with joint disease.

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15
Q

In what age do you see coccidiosis (isospera suis) in pigs? And when do you see disease?

A

1-3week old
Nursing

Disease occurs when previously unexposed pigs are placed in highly contaminated environments

Carrier sows can be a source of infection

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16
Q

Piglets 1-3 weeks old are affected with yellow to clear, pasty diarrhea. They are dehydrated, have a rough hair coat, and are failing to gain weight.

DDX:

A

Coccidiosis (Isospera suis)

Rotavirus (usually is controlled with colostrum exposure)

TGE — high mortality with bright yellow feces

Clostridium difficile and perfringens usually affect piglets that are only a few days old.

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17
Q

Treatment for coccidiosis ?

A

Toltrazuil

Steam clean/flame clean environment

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18
Q

T/F: rotaviral enteritis is usually non fatal

A

True

Causes diarrhea and occasional vomiting due to villous atrophy

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19
Q

How can rotaviral infection be diagnosed?

A

EM or ELISA of feces (early cases )

FAT or IHC of small intestinal epithelium

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20
Q

T/F: transmissible gastroenteritis can affect pigs of any age

A

True

Most severe in piglets <4weeks old

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21
Q

What clinical signs do you see in TGE?

A

Vomiting and high mortality in piglets <3weeks old

Bright yellow feces in older pigs

Sows may vomit, be depressed, and refuse to nurse piglets

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22
Q

How can you confirm DX of TGE?

A

FAT or IHC on intestine

PCR on feces

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23
Q

What are the top two DDX for pigs with septicemia, acute meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, or bronchopneumonia?

A

Streptococcus suis

Hemophilus parasuis

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24
Q

T/F: strep suis is a zoonotic dz

A

True

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25
How is strep suis transmitted?
Survives in dust and feces, can be isolated from nasal cavity and palatine tonsils Nose to nose contact Wounds Flies and rodents may play a role
26
Treatment of streptococcus suis?
Penicillin Ampicillin Tiamulin Ceftiofur
27
What syndrome of the sow usually occurs within three days of farrowing and is characterized by inadequate milk production
Hypogalactia Or Mastitis, metritis, agalactia (MMA)
28
Risk factors for hypogalactia ?
Lack of nursing stimulation (too few pigs or too small/weak) Bacterial metritis Mastitis Mammary edema Errors in ration formulation ``` Confinement with little opportunity for exercise Constipation Obesity Moldy feeds Poor sanitation in farrowing environment ```
29
A piglet has teat necrosis of the front two teats and vulvar swelling. What is the cause?
Endogenous or exogenous estrogen Makes the skin vulnerable to trauma Taping teats after birth may prevent
30
10 week old pig with raised, reddened, ring-shaped lesions on the skin on the ventral abdomen DX?
Pityriasis rosea
31
Neonatal pigs with lateral extension of the hindlimbs and inability to adduct the legs Dx?
Splay leg
32
What are risk factors for splay leg?
``` Genetic predisposition Slippery or sloped floors porcine stress syndrome Dietary deficiencies Low birth weights or tremors in piglets ```
33
How can you treat splay leg ?
Affected piglets must be helped to nurse and protected from injury Tying front or back legs together with sticky tape Selection of breeding stock to reduce incidence
34
What disease is characterized by absence of areas of skin, usually over the back, loin or thigh?
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
35
What other conditions commonly accompany epitheliogenesis imperfecta?
Hydroureter and hydronephrosis
36
What disease is characterized by enlarged joints, lameness, endocarditis, and rhomboid skin lesions
Erysipelas
37
T/F: erysipelas is zoonotic
True Causes skin infection in humans
38
What is the treatment and control of erysipelas?
Tx: penicillin or antiserum Control: regular vaccination Good sanitation Elimination of carriers with skin and joint lesions Appropriate quarantine measures for purchased stock
39
What causes greasy pig disease ?
Staphylococcus hyicus
40
What are risk factors for greasy pig disease?
``` Vesicular viral diseases Nutritional deficiency (zinc and vitamins) ``` Ringworm Pityriasis rosea Parasitism (including lice infestation) Housing inadequacy Immunological deficiency ``` Lack of completing bacterial flora Poor hygiene Poor ventilation High humidity Abrasions of the skin from trauma ```
41
Pig with brownish spots 1-2cm in diameter, covered by serum and exudate. Top DDX?
Greasy pig dz (exudative epidermitis)
42
Treatment and control of greasy pig dz?
Rx: anecdotal recommendations including spraying pigs with 0% bleach, chlorhexidine, virkon or dilute iodine Control: affected litters or individual pigs should be isolated immediately. Mingling of pigs should be avoided if an outbreak has occurred
43
What are the DDX for a mucohemorrhagic diarrehea?
``` Swine dysentery Spirochaetal colitis GI bleeding Whipworm Porcine proliferative enteritis Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia Salmonellosis ```
44
What causes swine dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
45
What is the cause of spirochaetal colitis?
Brachyspira pilosicoli
46
How is swine dysentery transmitted?
Ingested fecal material Mice shed for 80days Dogs can shed for 13days Birds, flies, and fomites
47
Clincial signs assoicated with swine dysentery?
Mucoid diarrhea (gray to yellow) followed by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea Tail twitching Humped gaunt appearance Dehydration
48
How can you confirm diagnosis of swine dysentery or spirochaetal colitis?
Clinical signs Gross PM changes Culture from rectal swab /colonic scribing
49
How can SD be eliminated?
Early weaning into a clean site Extensive medication (tiamulin, carbadox, lincomycin) after culling debilitated animals Depopulation with thorough cleaning and disinfection during dry and warm months
50
What species of salmonella affect swine?
S. Cholerasuis S. Typhimurium S. Typhisuis
51
How is salmonellosis transmitted?
Fecal-oral route Contaminated feed and water and aerosols Rodents and wild birds are. Believed to be important vectors
52
How do the clinical signs differ between S.cholerasuis and S.typhimurium infection ?
S.cholerasuis (septicemic salmonellosis) —> acute death in thrifty pigs, inappetence, huddling, depression weakness, fever, red-purple S.typhimurium (enterocolitic salmonellsosi)—> anorexia, diarrhea (watery, mucous, blood)
53
How can you confirm salmonellosis disease?
History Clinical signs PM lesions Culture and ID from organ samples — liver, spleen, mesenteric l.n. Serotyping is available
54
Treatment of salmonellosis?
Carbadox, gentamycin Neomycin Tiamulin Ceftiofur
55
What organism causes porcine proliferative enteritis?
Lawsonia intracellularis
56
What are clinical signs assoicated with porcine proliferative enteritis?
Brownish- black unclothed blood, pallor, weakness Chronic cases — sporadic diarrhea, wasting, and variation in growth rate
57
Treatment and control of PPE?
Tylosin, tetracycline, lincomycin, tiamulin, and carbadox Elimination is difficult No good screening tests, prevention is by minimizing stressors: transportation, sorting or commingling, vaccination of grower pigs
58
What are risk factors for actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?
Overstocking Inadequate ventilation Confection with other respiratory pathogens Unusual stress may facilitate transmission Swine that survive become carriers
59
Clinical signs of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?
``` Sudden death is common High temp Apathy, anorexia Stiffness Vomiting and diarrhea Shallow non-productive cough Cyanosis Abortion in sows ```
60
How can you diagnose actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?
Isolation and ID of APP exotoxins by PCR Serology — ELISA, complement fixation
61
Treatment and control of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia ?
``` Tiamulin Tulathromycin Chortetracycline Ceftiofur Tilmucosin Florfenicil Enrofloxacin Procaine pen G ``` ``` Closed herd Replacements from APP free farms All in all out Avoid overstocking Proper ventilation Vaccination of piglets and sows ```
62
What causes atrophic rhinitis?
Bordetella bronchispetica and Pasturella multocidia (type D)
63
Clinical signs associated with atrophic rhinitis?
Sneezing, snorting and a serous/mucopurulent nasal discharge are early signs Rhinitis can obstruct tears through infraorbital dust —> “dirty hair” below canthus Nose bleed Growth retardation Secondary bronchitis/pneumonia Lateral or dorsal deviation of the snout
64
Toxogenic pasturella multocidia produces ____________ toxin that causes marked turbinate atrophy
Dermonecrotizing
65
T/F: piglets and sows can be vaccinated from atrophic rhinitis?
True

RUSVM LAM II (22 decks)

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