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RUSVM LAM II > Swine 2 > Flashcards

Swine 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two differentials for a pig with meningioencephalitis, polyserositis, and polyarthritis as a contributor to bacterial pneumonia?

A 
Hemophilus parasuis (glassers dz) 
Streptococcus suis
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2
Q

What are risk factors for Glasser’s disease?

A

Stressful events like weaning, changes in environment, compiling, or confection

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3
Q

T/F: Haemophilus parasuis ca be isolated from the nasal cavity of healthy pigs

A

True

H. Parasuis is widely distributed in the swine population and usually causes no disease

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4
Q

Clincial signs of Glasser’s disease?

A

Sudden onset in best conditioned pigs

CNS: fever, anorexia, depression, tremors, incoordiantion, paresis/recumbency

Joints: swollen leg joints, arthritis

Septicemia or myositis
Rhinitis, dyspnea, reddening of conjuntiva
Cyanosis for extremities and edema

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5
Q

Treatment and control of Glasser’s dz?

A

Sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfonamides

Sound husbandry
Control of primary dz
Prophylactic antimicrobials
Vaccination
Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock
Minimize stress during weaning and nursing

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6
Q

DDx for chronic respiratory disease characterized by coughing, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency?

A

Mycoplasma hypopneumonia

R/O :
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia —> usually more acute deathy

Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome —> acute disease with resp distress, vomiting, anorexia, fever

Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome —> concurrent GI signs and systemic dz

Strep suis and hemophilus —> concurrent joint and neuro dz

Atopic rhinitis —> causes upper resp disease

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7
Q

Treatment for enzootic pneumonia AKA mycoplasmal pneumonia?

A 
Licomycin 
Tiamulin 
Tetracycline 
Tylosin 
Tilmucosin 
Tulathromycin 
Enrofloxacin

Proper biosecurity and depopulation/repop
All in all out
Vaccination
Early weaning

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8
Q

What are the pathogenic mycoplasma of swine and what diseases do they cause ?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae = Enzootic pneumonia

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae = epidemic synovitis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis = fibrinous polyserositis

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9
Q

What disease in pig is characterized by sudden onset of fever, occulonasal discharge, paroxysmal cough, prostration and weakness?

A

Swine influenza

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10
Q

What is the most common subtype of swine influenza in the USA?

A

H1N1

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11
Q

Treatment and control of swine influenza?

A

Antimicrobials for secondary bacterial infections

Vaccination, maintaining closed herd, access to fresh feed and water
All in all out

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12
Q

What is osteochrondrosis ?

A

Disease of growing cartilage that often occurs in rapidly growing pigs approaching market weight or breeding age

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13
Q

What are common sites of lesions for osteochrondrosis ?

A 
Medial femoral condyle 
Humeral condyle 
Humeral head 
Glenoid of scapula 
Distal ulna 
Lumbar vertebrae
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14
Q

What is the cause of dyschondroplasia in pigs?

A

Rapid growth and early, excessive weight-bearing pressure on cartilage

Genetics assoicated

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15
Q

What are risk factors for dyschondroplasia ?

A

Nutritional deficiency
Flooring and housing that induce trauma
Infection with mycoplasma hyosynoviae

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16
Q

Several pigs of various ages are presenting with neurological signs such a blindness, deafness, and head pressing.
Some are dog sitting or have spasms with paddling of the legs.

What are your top DDX?

A

Salt poisoning

Edema disease —> usually associated with recently weaned pigs

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17
Q

On biopsy, what pathoneuomic lesions indicate salt poisoning?

A

Meningeal and cerebral perivascular cuffing by eosinophils in brain

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18
Q

Treatment of salt poisoning?

A

Slow re-introduction to water (small amounts at frequent intervals)

Pigs showing clinical signs usually die regardless of treatment

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19
Q

Etiology of gastric ulcers in pigs?

A 
Finely ground feed 
Pelleted rations 
Nutrient rich low fiber diets 
Stress 
Ad lib whey or skimmed milk 
Summer hotter months (inconsistent feeding)
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20
Q

Treatment and control of gastric ulcers in pigs?

A

Vitamin K and hematocrit
Fibrous feed

Control risk factors

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21
Q

What is the sp of whipworm found in pigs?

A

Trichuris suis

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22
Q

What two diseases can cause inflammatory nodules, in mucosa of the large intestine?

A

Swine dysentery

Whipworm (trichuris suis)
- often have parasites protruding from mucosa

These diseases can occur concurrently

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23
Q

How do you diagnose an early case of whipworm?

A

Histopath or mucosal scrapings

Eggs are not apparent until 8weeks post infection

24
Q

Porcine circovirus type 2 causes what disease?

A

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

25
Q

Clinical signs assoicated with PMWS?

A

Loss of body condition
Unthriftiness and rough hair coat

Enlarged lymph nodes

Polypnea/dyspnea
Pallor
Diarrhea

Death
reproductive failure —> abortion/stillbirth/mummification

26
Q

What microscopic features on biopsy indicate PMWS?

A

Lymphocytic depletion in lymph nodes

Often accompanied by histiocytic infiltration

27
Q

What is the treatment for PMWS?

A

No treatment

Anti-inflammatories or antimicrobials

28
Q

What is the most economically significant disease to affect US swine production since eradication of classical swine fever?

A

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

29
Q

How is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome transmitted?

A

Persists in environment for a long time
Carrier pigs — present in nasal secretions, urine, semen, mammary secretions and feces

Virus is highly infectious but not highly contagious

Flies can be mechanical vector

30
Q

Clinical signs associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ?

A

Breeding age sows and boars — anorexia, fever, lethargy, depression, resp distress, cyanosis of ears, late term abortion, stillborn or weak piglets

Young/growing finishing pigs — fever, depression, lethargy, stunting, sneezing, expiratory dyspnea, increased post-weaning mortality

31
Q

How is porcine reproductive and respiratory virus controlled?

A

Vaccination
Replacement of breeding stock
Depopulation

Hard to control due to large virus variation

32
Q

What is the wildlife reservoir of foot and mouth dz?

A

Buffalo

33
Q

What sp can be affected by FMD?

A

Cloven-hoofed animals

Cattle, pig, sheep, goat, deer

34
Q

T/F: pigs are carriers of FMD

A

False

Pigs are amplifier hosts

Cattle, sheep, and goat are carriers of FMD

35
Q

Clinical signs of FMD in pigs

A

Hoof lesions
— very painful
—coronary band, heel, interdigital space

Lameness

Snout vesicles
Oral vesicles

36
Q

What are the vesicular diseases of swine?

A

FMD (picornaviridae—aphthovirus)

Vesicular stomatitis (Rhabdoviridae)

Swine vesicular disease (Picornaviridae — enterovirus)

Vesicular exanthema of swine (calicivirus)

All produce a fever with vesicles that progress to erosions in the mouth, nares, muzzle, teat and feet

37
Q

What two diseases cause high fever, loss of appetite, weakness, skin hemorrhages, and cyanosis, and can is often acutely fatal?

A

Classical swine fever

African swine fever

38
Q

T/F: there is a vaccination for classical swine fever and African swine fever

A

False

Only for classical swine fever — single vax, lifetime immunity

African swine fever has too many strains and offer no cross protection. Also KV vaccines can enhance disease

39
Q

What is the reservoir sp for African swine fever?

A

Warthog

40
Q

T/F: Porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissible gastroenteritis are both caused by coronavirus and therefore are clinically similar diseases and offer cross protection.

A

False

Does not offer cross protection but the rest is true

41
Q

How id porcine epidemic diarrhea diagnosed?

A 
Clinical signs 
History 
ELISA 
Electron microscopic exam of fecal material 
PCR 
Examination of dead pigs
42
Q

Treatment for porcine epidemic diarrhea

A

Supportive therapy

Clean, dry, draft free environment
High quality drinking water
Electrolyte supplementation
Antimicrobials for secondary infection

43
Q

A deficiency isn _________birth of weak or dead pigs that are largely devoid of hair and have mucinous edema

A

Iodine

44
Q

How can iodine deficiency be avoided in swine?

A

Using iodized salt in ration of gestating sows

45
Q

Why are piglets susceptible to iron deficiency anemia and how can you prevent it?

A

Very little iron reserve
Colostrum and milk provided very little iron

Pigs in confinement lack access to soil or feces containing iron

Prevent by supplental iron per os or injection of iron dextran (neck muscles)

46
Q

Parakeratosis is associated with a deficiency or excessive consumption of what nutrient?

A

Zinc

47
Q

DDX for parakeratosis ?

A

Zinc deficiency

Sarcoptic mange

Greasy pig dz

48
Q

Rickets and osteoporosis is caused by?

A

Lack of Ca

Rickets(dz of growing pigs) — usually dietary deficiency of vit D or phos

Osteoporosis (dz in adult) — lactating sows mobilize minerals for production

49
Q

What are risk factors for Vit E / selenium deficiency?

A

Feeds high in concentration of PUFA, Copper , Vit A, or Mycotoxins —> destroy vit E or make it less bioavailable

Grains from deficiency solids

50
Q

Deficiency in vitE/selenium causes what 3 syndromes ?

A

Mulberry heart disease — sudden death in pigs a few weeks to four months of age

Hepatosis dieticia— usually results in sudden death

White muscle disease — usually more common in lambs, calves, and chickens

51
Q

In your pig farm, you have an the following signs present in your herd.. reduced feed intake and decreased growth
Sudden deaths
Hemorrhage in various tissues
Icterus

The diet contains mostly corn, soybean meal, and wheat cereal grains

What is your dx based on this history?

A

Aflatoxins

These fungi can grow in peanuts, corn, wheat and several other cereal grains

52
Q

Ergotism is usually caused in what type of feeds?

A

Grasses

Cereal grains eg rye, oats and wheat

53
Q

Clinical signs associated with ergotism?

A

Ischemic necrosis and gangrenous sloughing of extremities (tails and hoofs)

Abortions, decrease birth weights, inhibit mammary production

54
Q

What toxin can cause crusting anc ulceration of the skin of the snout, lips, and buccal commissures, and prepuce.

A

T2 rosin of fusmosin

55
Q

What toxin causes vomiting but is rare to see swine inject enough to produced this as the only clinical sign

A

Deoxynivalenol

56
Q

What toxin is present in moldy corn, standing corn, and other grains which will have an estrogenic effect resulting in vulovaginitis and over development of mammae in gilts

A

Zeralenone

57
Q

T/F: zearalenone can be passed through the sows milk to piglets

A

True
—> can cause teat necrosis and enlargment of external genitalia and uterus

Males -> reduced libido, and decreased testicular size and preputial enlargement in young boars

RUSVM LAM II (22 decks)

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