Swine 2

Question 1

What are the two differentials for a pig with meningioencephalitis, polyserositis, and polyarthritis as a contributor to bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 1

Hemophilus parasuis (glassers dz) 
Streptococcus suis

Question 2

What are risk factors for Glasser’s disease?

Answer 2

Stressful events like weaning, changes in environment, compiling, or confection

Question 3

T/F: Haemophilus parasuis ca be isolated from the nasal cavity of healthy pigs

Answer 3

True

H. Parasuis is widely distributed in the swine population and usually causes no disease

Question 4

Clincial signs of Glasser’s disease?

Answer 4

Sudden onset in best conditioned pigs

CNS: fever, anorexia, depression, tremors, incoordiantion, paresis/recumbency

Joints: swollen leg joints, arthritis

Septicemia or myositis
Rhinitis, dyspnea, reddening of conjuntiva
Cyanosis for extremities and edema

Question 5

Treatment and control of Glasser’s dz?

Answer 5

Sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfonamides

Sound husbandry
Control of primary dz
Prophylactic antimicrobials
Vaccination
Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock
Minimize stress during weaning and nursing

Question 6

DDx for chronic respiratory disease characterized by coughing, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency?

Answer 6

Mycoplasma hypopneumonia

R/O :
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia —> usually more acute deathy

Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome —> acute disease with resp distress, vomiting, anorexia, fever

Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome —> concurrent GI signs and systemic dz

Strep suis and hemophilus —> concurrent joint and neuro dz

Atopic rhinitis —> causes upper resp disease

Question 7

Treatment for enzootic pneumonia AKA mycoplasmal pneumonia?

Answer 7

Licomycin 
Tiamulin 
Tetracycline 
Tylosin 
Tilmucosin 
Tulathromycin 
Enrofloxacin 

Proper biosecurity and depopulation/repop
All in all out
Vaccination
Early weaning

Question 8

What are the pathogenic mycoplasma of swine and what diseases do they cause ?

Answer 8

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae = Enzootic pneumonia

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae = epidemic synovitis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis = fibrinous polyserositis

Question 9

What disease in pig is characterized by sudden onset of fever, occulonasal discharge, paroxysmal cough, prostration and weakness?

Answer 9

Swine influenza

Question 10

What is the most common subtype of swine influenza in the USA?

Answer 10

H1N1

Question 11

Treatment and control of swine influenza?

Answer 11

Antimicrobials for secondary bacterial infections

Vaccination, maintaining closed herd, access to fresh feed and water
All in all out

Question 12

What is osteochrondrosis ?

Answer 12

Disease of growing cartilage that often occurs in rapidly growing pigs approaching market weight or breeding age

Question 13

What are common sites of lesions for osteochrondrosis ?

Answer 13

Medial femoral condyle 
Humeral condyle 
Humeral head 
Glenoid of scapula 
Distal ulna 
Lumbar vertebrae

Question 14

What is the cause of dyschondroplasia in pigs?

Answer 14

Rapid growth and early, excessive weight-bearing pressure on cartilage

Genetics assoicated

Question 15

What are risk factors for dyschondroplasia ?

Answer 15

Nutritional deficiency
Flooring and housing that induce trauma
Infection with mycoplasma hyosynoviae

Question 16

Several pigs of various ages are presenting with neurological signs such a blindness, deafness, and head pressing.
Some are dog sitting or have spasms with paddling of the legs.

What are your top DDX?

Answer 16

Salt poisoning

Edema disease —> usually associated with recently weaned pigs

Question 17

On biopsy, what pathoneuomic lesions indicate salt poisoning?

Answer 17

Meningeal and cerebral perivascular cuffing by eosinophils in brain

Question 18

Treatment of salt poisoning?

Answer 18

Slow re-introduction to water (small amounts at frequent intervals)

Pigs showing clinical signs usually die regardless of treatment

Question 19

Etiology of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 19

Finely ground feed 
Pelleted rations 
Nutrient rich low fiber diets 
Stress 
Ad lib whey or skimmed milk 
Summer hotter months (inconsistent feeding)

Question 20

Treatment and control of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 20

Vitamin K and hematocrit
Fibrous feed

Control risk factors

Question 21

What is the sp of whipworm found in pigs?

Answer 21

Trichuris suis

Question 22

What two diseases can cause inflammatory nodules, in mucosa of the large intestine?

Answer 22

Swine dysentery

Whipworm (trichuris suis)
- often have parasites protruding from mucosa

These diseases can occur concurrently

Question 23

How do you diagnose an early case of whipworm?

Answer 23

Histopath or mucosal scrapings

Eggs are not apparent until 8weeks post infection

Question 24

Porcine circovirus type 2 causes what disease?

Answer 24

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Question 25

Clinical signs assoicated with PMWS?

Answer 25

Loss of body condition Unthriftiness and rough hair coat Enlarged lymph nodes Polypnea/dyspnea Pallor Diarrhea Death reproductive failure —> abortion/stillbirth/mummification

Question 26

What microscopic features on biopsy indicate PMWS?

Answer 26

Lymphocytic depletion in lymph nodes Often accompanied by histiocytic infiltration

Question 27

What is the treatment for PMWS?

Answer 27

No treatment | Anti-inflammatories or antimicrobials

Question 28

What is the most economically significant disease to affect US swine production since eradication of classical swine fever?

Answer 28

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Question 29

How is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome transmitted?

Answer 29

Persists in environment for a long time Carrier pigs — present in nasal secretions, urine, semen, mammary secretions and feces Virus is highly infectious but not highly contagious Flies can be mechanical vector

Question 30

Clinical signs associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ?

Answer 30

Breeding age sows and boars — anorexia, fever, lethargy, depression, resp distress, cyanosis of ears, late term abortion, stillborn or weak piglets Young/growing finishing pigs — fever, depression, lethargy, stunting, sneezing, expiratory dyspnea, increased post-weaning mortality

Question 31

How is porcine reproductive and respiratory virus controlled?

Answer 31

Vaccination Replacement of breeding stock Depopulation Hard to control due to large virus variation

Question 32

What is the wildlife reservoir of foot and mouth dz?

Answer 32

Buffalo

Question 33

What sp can be affected by FMD?

Answer 33

Cloven-hoofed animals Cattle, pig, sheep, goat, deer

Question 34

T/F: pigs are carriers of FMD

Answer 34

False Pigs are amplifier hosts Cattle, sheep, and goat are carriers of FMD

Question 35

Clinical signs of FMD in pigs

Answer 35

Hoof lesions — very painful —coronary band, heel, interdigital space Lameness Snout vesicles Oral vesicles

Question 36

What are the vesicular diseases of swine?

Answer 36

FMD (picornaviridae—aphthovirus) Vesicular stomatitis (Rhabdoviridae) Swine vesicular disease (Picornaviridae — enterovirus) Vesicular exanthema of swine (calicivirus) All produce a fever with vesicles that progress to erosions in the mouth, nares, muzzle, teat and feet

Question 37

What two diseases cause high fever, loss of appetite, weakness, skin hemorrhages, and cyanosis, and can is often acutely fatal?

Answer 37

Classical swine fever | African swine fever

Question 38

T/F: there is a vaccination for classical swine fever and African swine fever

Answer 38

False Only for classical swine fever — single vax, lifetime immunity African swine fever has too many strains and offer no cross protection. Also KV vaccines can enhance disease

Question 39

What is the reservoir sp for African swine fever?

Answer 39

Warthog

Question 40

T/F: Porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissible gastroenteritis are both caused by coronavirus and therefore are clinically similar diseases and offer cross protection.

Answer 40

False Does not offer cross protection but the rest is true

Question 41

How id porcine epidemic diarrhea diagnosed?

Answer 41

``` Clinical signs History ELISA Electron microscopic exam of fecal material PCR Examination of dead pigs ```

Question 42

Treatment for porcine epidemic diarrhea

Answer 42

Supportive therapy Clean, dry, draft free environment High quality drinking water Electrolyte supplementation Antimicrobials for secondary infection

Question 43

A deficiency isn _________birth of weak or dead pigs that are largely devoid of hair and have mucinous edema

Answer 43

Iodine

Question 44

How can iodine deficiency be avoided in swine?

Answer 44

Using iodized salt in ration of gestating sows

Question 45

Why are piglets susceptible to iron deficiency anemia and how can you prevent it?

Answer 45

Very little iron reserve Colostrum and milk provided very little iron Pigs in confinement lack access to soil or feces containing iron Prevent by supplental iron per os or injection of iron dextran (neck muscles)

Question 46

Parakeratosis is associated with a deficiency or excessive consumption of what nutrient?

Answer 46

Zinc

Question 47

DDX for parakeratosis ?

Answer 47

Zinc deficiency Sarcoptic mange Greasy pig dz

Question 48

Rickets and osteoporosis is caused by?

Answer 48

Lack of Ca Rickets(dz of growing pigs) — usually dietary deficiency of vit D or phos Osteoporosis (dz in adult) — lactating sows mobilize minerals for production

Question 49

What are risk factors for Vit E / selenium deficiency?

Answer 49

Feeds high in concentration of PUFA, Copper , Vit A, or Mycotoxins —> destroy vit E or make it less bioavailable Grains from deficiency solids

Question 50

Deficiency in vitE/selenium causes what 3 syndromes ?

Answer 50

Mulberry heart disease — sudden death in pigs a few weeks to four months of age Hepatosis dieticia— usually results in sudden death White muscle disease — usually more common in lambs, calves, and chickens

Question 51

In your pig farm, you have an the following signs present in your herd.. reduced feed intake and decreased growth Sudden deaths Hemorrhage in various tissues Icterus The diet contains mostly corn, soybean meal, and wheat cereal grains What is your dx based on this history?

Answer 51

Aflatoxins These fungi can grow in peanuts, corn, wheat and several other cereal grains

Question 52

Ergotism is usually caused in what type of feeds?

Answer 52

Grasses | Cereal grains eg rye, oats and wheat

Question 53

Clinical signs associated with ergotism?

Answer 53

Ischemic necrosis and gangrenous sloughing of extremities (tails and hoofs) Abortions, decrease birth weights, inhibit mammary production

Question 54

What toxin can cause crusting anc ulceration of the skin of the snout, lips, and buccal commissures, and prepuce.

Answer 54

T2 rosin of fusmosin

Question 55

What toxin causes vomiting but is rare to see swine inject enough to produced this as the only clinical sign

Answer 55

Deoxynivalenol

Question 56

What toxin is present in moldy corn, standing corn, and other grains which will have an estrogenic effect resulting in vulovaginitis and over development of mammae in gilts

Answer 56

Zeralenone

Question 57

T/F: zearalenone can be passed through the sows milk to piglets

Answer 57

True —> can cause teat necrosis and enlargment of external genitalia and uterus Males -> reduced libido, and decreased testicular size and preputial enlargement in young boars