CARDIOLOGY 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
briefly describe systolic & diastolic heart failure
systolic: signs of poor output
diastolic: leads to CHF
pathophysiology of CHF
pathophysiology of CHF:
chronic activation of compensatory systems —>_______retention and _______remodeling
fluid retention and cardiac remodeling
excessive ________ stimulation is toxic to cardiomyocytes (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
sympathetic
principles of treatment for CHF include decrease preload, decrease afterload, and _________
inotropic support
what medication can be given to decrease preload for CHF?
what about to decrease afterload?
decrease preload: diuretics
decrease afterload: vasodialators
what are parts (3) to the tx approach to left-sided CHF?
-oxygen n cage rest
-IV furosemide
-IV pimobendan
-sedation if distressed
-thoracocentesis (cats)
what are parts (3) to the tx approach to right-sided CHF?
-thoracocentesis if dyspnoeic
-abdominocentesis
-treat underlying cause
What are the 3 types of diuretics for preload reduction?
-loop diuretics
-K+ sparing
-hydrochlorothiazide
what are two loop diuretics?
what are two K+ sparing diuretics?
loop diuretics: furosemide & torasemide
K+ sparing: spironolactone & amiloride
what is furosemide? MOA?
-fast onset loop diuretic
-inhibits K/Na/2Cl pump in ascending loop of Henle. unable to absorb sodium, water follows
what are some possible side effects of furosemide?
-dehydration ofc
-hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia
-active RAAS further
-hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia
-metabolic acidosis
-can worsen azotaemia, (&unable to check spec. grav.)
torasemide is which type of drug?
licensed for which animals?
loop diuretic
licensed for dogs
what is the MOA for K+ sparing diuretics?
what are the two examples of it?
weak diuretics, work on end of DCT
-sprionolactone & amiloride
briefly, what is the MOA for spironolactone?
amiloride?
what is the MOA for hydrochlorothiazide?
inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter in DCT
which ones of the 3 types of diuretics
what are the 4 types of vasodialators for afterload reduction?
-ACE inhibitors
-inodilators
-nitric oxide donors
-Ca+ channel blockers
how do ACE inhibitors work?
block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
what are two examples ACE inhibitor drugs?
benazepril
enalapril
btwn benazepril and enalapril, which is better to use if you have kidney disease?
benazepril [bc excreted by kidney AND liver]
what is a drug example for inodilators?
pimobendan
what is the MOA for inodilators/pimobendan?
[said dont worry too much abt this!]
nitric oxide donor vasodialators are using in which side CHF?
two example drugs?
L CHF
glyceryl trinitrate
sodium nitroprusside
