CARDIOLOGY 5

Question 1

DCM is a volume overload disease, leads to eventual changes in muscle.
this primarily affects which side of the heart?

Answer 1

left

Question 2

canine dilated cardiomyopathy and ARVC: systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 2

systolic

Question 3

feline cardiomyopathies and aortic thromboembolism: systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 3

diastolic

Question 4

the two primary causes of DCM are idiopathic and hereditary.
however, it can also be caused by which 2 endocrine disorders?

Answer 4

hypothyroidism & hypoadrenocorticism

Question 5

the two primary causes of DCM are idiopathic and hereditary.
however, it can also be caused by which two nutritional causes?

Answer 5

-Taurine/carnitine
deficiency
-“BEG” diets: boutique, exotic, grain free

Question 6

the two primary causes of DCM are idiopathic and hereditary.
however, it can also be caused by which drug toxicity?

Answer 6

doxorubicin

Question 7

name one significant histopathological finding in DCM

Answer 7

-wavy myocardial fibers
-etc.

Question 8

describe the overall description/pathophysiology of DCM

Answer 8

-volume overload disease
-left sided heart failure, potential right sided as well
^due to increased LV volume and LA cannot empty

Question 9

describe the signalment/breed predisposition for DCM

Answer 9

-medium to large breed
-middle to old age
-M>F
-doberman, boxer, great dane, etc

Question 10

DCM presentation has a pre-clinical phase and a clinical phase.
describe the pre-clinical phase

Answer 10

-maybe asymptomatic
-murmur
-gallop [third heat sound, lub dub dub]: overfull ventricle
-arrhythmia

Question 11

DCM presentation has a pre-clinical phase and a clinical phase.
describe the clinical phase

Answer 11

-backward failure[buildup of blood in heart] is common
-forward failure[less blood in the heart] also possible

Question 12

what might you find of electrocardiography of a patient with DCM?

Answer 12

-sinus rythym
-atrial fibrilation
-ventricular tahcycardia

Question 13

which form of diagnostic imaging confirms R CHF?
which form confirms L CHF?

Answer 13

R CHF: electrocardiography
L CHF: radiography

Question 14

What are some bloodwork changes you may see that can aid DCM diagnosis?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the most common ECG arrythmias seen in DCM?

Answer 15

-sinus rhythm
-atrial fibrillation
-ventricular tachycardia

Question 16

what are two nutritonal/dietary factors that are associated with DCM?

Answer 16

-taurine deficiency
-BEG diets (boutique, exotic, grain free)

Question 17

what is the pathogenesis of ARVC? [Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]
what breeds are susceptible?
how can it be diagnosed?

Answer 17

Question 18

dialated cardiomyopathy in cats is uncommon. which type of cardiomyopathy is more common?

Answer 18

HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyoapthy

Question 19

HCM results in _______ dysfunction (systolic/diastolic)

Answer 19

diastolic

Question 20

describe the signalment of HCM
-prevalence within cat population?
-breed predispositions?

Answer 20

-15% of all cats
-main coon, ragdoll, sphynx

Question 21

describe the typical presentation of HCM in cats

Answer 21

-pre clinical: asymptomatic really
-clinical: LCHF signs (dyspnoea, lethargy, inappetence),,,sometimes a murmur or gallop sound

Question 22

what are these 3 underlying causes that may lead to HCM

Answer 22

Question 23

briefly describe the treatment of HCM

Answer 23

-monitor
-clopidogrel
clinical:
-O2, cage rest, minimise tress
-thoracocentesis
-furosemide

Question 24

-what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
-what are the two forms?

Answer 24

-bilateral enlargement
-myocardial form n endomyocardial form

Question 25

what is the clinical presentation in feline aortic thromboembolism?

Answer 25

Question 26

what is the treatment in feline aortic thromboembolism?

Answer 26

-pain relief! -anticoagulants: will prevent further clots

Question 27

describe prognosis in feline aortic thromboembolism

Answer 27

-poor: often dont regain limb function