ECC 5

Question 1

what is a useful first step in physical examination of a dog with effusions?

Answer 1

looking at mucous membranes

Question 2

during thoracocentesis, should you place needle cranial or caudal to the rib?

Answer 2

cranial: the nerves live caudal to rib

Question 3

apearance of transudate fluid?
modified transudate?

Answer 3

transudate: colorless
modified transudate: urine colored

Question 4

between transudate and modified transudate fluid, which one originated cranial to liver? caudal to liver?

Answer 4

cran: modified transudate [picks up protien from liver]
caul: transudate

Question 5

chylous fluid are a form of modified transudate.
they will be high in what?

Answer 5

triglycerides
also lymphocytes

Question 6

which feline infectious disease often sees effusions?

Answer 6

FIP. due to leaky protien deficient vessels

Question 7

sterile peritonitis is often seen in which condition?

Answer 7

pancreatitis

Question 8

in interpreting a blood sample taken by thoracocentesis, how can you tell if it is iatrogenic [accidentally hit a vessel] or true haemoabdomen?

Answer 8

true haemoabdomen will not clot [clotting factors has been used up elsewhere to attempt to stop some bleeding]

Question 9

in order to tell if abdominal fluid is a uroabdomen, which two electrolyte levels should be measured?
what will this tell you?

Answer 9

creatinine n potassium. if it is above these proportions X the amount in blood, it is a uroabdomen