CARDIOLOGY 4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the most common heart disease in dogs?
myxomatous mitral valve
disease (MMVD)
is myxomatous mitral valve
disease (MMVD) most in large or small dogs?
-breed predisposition?
small, especially CKCS
what is the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)
thin mitral valve becomes thick due to expansion of the spongiosa
-creates murmur
myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) causes enlargement of which atrium? which ventricle?
left atrium n ventricle
in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), does the left ventricle increase in size through eecentric or cocentric hypertrophy?
eecentric
in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), after the LA and LV expand as much as they can, what will be the next consequences?
-pulmonary valve engorgement
-oedema which impairs gas exhange
terminology: what is forward failure? backward failure?
forward failure: low output, heart’s inability to pup enough blood to meet the body’s needs
backward failure: CHF, heart chambers are unable to effectively empty, leading to fluid buildup in body
which is more common in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), signs of backward failure or forward failure?
backward failure
what are some symptoms of backward failure in MMVD?
forward failure?
which form of diagnostic imaging is used to diagnose left sided cardiac failure in dogs?
what about cardiomegaly?
chest radiography
cardiomegaly: more echocardiography
which 4 blood parameters can be used to aid diagnosis n management of congestiv eheart fialure?
-renal parameters
-electrolytes
-concurrent disease
-biomarkers
pro-BNP is a useful clinical biomarker of MMVD. when is it released?
according to atrial n ventricular wall stretch
between ECG and echocardiography, which is more useful in diagnosis of MMVD
-[however keep in mind that this is a sthetescope disease! dont need any other diagnostics!
echocardiography
L CHF radiography: what are you looking for?
-big left auricle n atrium
-pulmonary venous congestion
-a lung pattern
acute left-sided congestive heart failure must eb stabilized, then cause identified.
what are some (4) drugs/therapies given for stabilization?
-dieretics such as furosemide
-oxygen
-haemodialators to reduce preload: nitroglycerinen ointment
-positive ionotrope: pimobendan
acute right-sided congestive heart failure must eb stabilized, then cause identified.
what are therapy is given for stabilization?
Drain large pleural effusions
on tx for chronic/stable CHF… name 3 therapies to give
-diuretics
-positive ionotrope
-RAAS blockade
-will eventually become refractory to tx, hen you give them everything
if you need to make a choice btwn given a patient furosemide+pimobendan OR furosemide+ benazepril, which one do you choose?
furosemide + pimobendan
which type of arrythmia is a significant complication to MMVD
atrial fibrilation
MMVD staging: what is stage A? B? C? D?
A: at risk but no disease yet
B: abnormality but asymptomatic
C: signs of heart failure
D: end stage heart failure
MMVD staging: what si the difference between stage B1 and B2?
B1: no evidence of cardiomegaly
B2: cardiomegaly
what are some physiological changes that occur in the 4 months before transitioning from stage B2 to C?
resp increases
HR increases
BW decreases
which form of diagnostic imaging is used to diagnose CHF in dogs with MMVD?
what 3 things are you looking for?
chest rads:
bacterial endocarditis affects valves on which side of the heart?
most common site?
second msot common?
left
msot common: mitral valve
second msot common: aortic valve
