Cardiovascular Lecture

Question 1

Parts of closed circulation of blood

Answer 1

Heart-muscular pump
Artery-Transport blood away from heart
Capillary-material exchange
Vein-Return blood to the heart

Question 2

T/F Lymph system is two-way drainage system

Answer 2

F

One way

Question 3

T/F Systemic circulation circulates to and from everywhere on the body

Answer 3

F

Everywhere but lungs and abdominal viscera

Question 4

What is the circulation to and from the lungs?

Answer 4

Pulmonary circulation

Question 5

What is the circulation from abdominal viscera?

Answer 5

Portal circulation

Question 6

What’s the general structure of blood vessels?

Answer 6

Tunica intima

Tunica media

Tunica adventitia

Question 7

Classification and name of tunica intima

Answer 7

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 8

What does tunica intima incorporate?

Answer 8

Endothelium

Basal lamina

Subendothelial layer with internal elastic lamina

Question 9

describe the endothelial cells of tunica intima

Answer 9

SSE

Smooth surface lining cells

Secretes enzymes and collagens

Controlling vascular tune by secreting endothelial-dependent relaxing factor, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dependent constriction factor, endothelin 1 (ET-1)

Question 10

What does tunica media incorporate?

Answer 10

Smooth muscle cells

Elastic fibers and lamina

CT (external elastic lamina)

Question 11

What does tunica adventitia incorporate?

Answer 11

LCT

Question 12

Complete 3 layers in arteries

Answer 12

Prominent muscle layer (media)

Question 13

Types of arteries

Answer 13

Elastic arteries (conducting)

Muscular arteries (distributing)

Arterioles

Question 14

Elastic artery (conducting) layers

Answer 14

Intimia= Thin, cincomplete internal elastic lamina

Media=More than 40 layers of elastic membranes and smooth muscle

Adventitia=Thin external elastic lamina

Visa vasorum: small blood vessels in big vessel wall goes up to tunica media

Question 15

Muscular artery (distributing) layers

Answer 15

Intima= Apparent internal elastic lamina

Media=Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells

Adventitia=Apparent external elastic lamina

Question 16

What do arterioles lack?

Answer 16

Elastic lamina

Question 17

How many layers of smooth muscle (tunica media) in arterioles?

Answer 17

1-6

Question 18

T/F Arterioles have thick layer of adventitia

Answer 18

F

Thin

Question 19

Terminal arterioles vs metarterioles

Answer 19

Terminal arterioles have one complete layer of smooth muscle cells

Metarterioles that supply blood to capillary beds have in-complete layer of smooth muscle cells and have sphincter-like smooth muscle cells

Question 20

What is the vascular bed between arterioles and venules?

Answer 20

Capillary

Question 21

T/F Capillary has single layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What type of cells surround capillaries and venules and helps with contraction and differentiation

Answer 22

Pericyte

Question 23

Different types of capillary

Answer 23

Continuous=complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina

Fenestrated= complete layer of endothelial cells and basal lamina; pores with diaphragm

Sinusoidal=discontinuous endothelial cells and basal lamina; big pores without diaphragm

Question 24

Opening of arterio-venous anastomoses (AV shunt) allows

Answer 24

Blood flow bypassing capillary bed. RIchly innervated/

If shunt is closed, blood has to go through capillary bed

Question 25

T/F Veins are vessels with small lumen and thick walls

Answer 25

F Large lumen and thin walls

Question 26

What are the three layers of veins

Answer 26

Thin tunica media Prominent adventitia

Question 27

What are the pairs of venous valves made of and what are there purpose?

Answer 27

Intimia Prevent backflow of blood

Question 28

T/F Veins have layer of smooth muscle

Answer 28

T

Question 29

What are structures of heat wall

Answer 29

Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium

Question 30

Name of endocardium

Answer 30

Endothelium Sub-endocardial layer containing small vessels, nerve fibers, PKJ fibers.

Question 31

Name of epicardium (and pericardium)

Answer 31

Mesothelium

Question 32

What is the cardiac skeleton made of

Answer 32

DCT Cartilage

Question 33

What are some gross anatomy structures we should be familiar with (but don't need to ID)

Answer 33

Annuli fibrosi; aorta, pulmonary artery, AV orficies Trigonum fibrosum; aortic valve Inter-ventricular septum (septum membranaceum)

Question 34

Lymph system vs vein walls

Answer 34

Similar but lymp walls are thinner

Question 35

Lymph system vs vein lumen

Answer 35

Lumen is bigger and may see WBC

Question 36

Aortic arch branches into (2)

Answer 36

Common carotid a Internal carotid a

Question 37

Right aortic a branches (1)

Answer 37

R subclavian a

Question 38

L aortic arch branches (1)

Answer 38

Aortic arch (adult aorta)

Question 39

The aortic arch continues as...

Answer 39

Pulmonary trunk following partitioning of truncus arteriosus

Question 40

R aortic arch branches

Answer 40

R pulmonary a

Question 41

L aortic arch branches

Answer 41

Ductus arteriosus (and L pulmonary a)

Question 42

Ductus arteriosus=

Answer 42

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 43

Ductus venosus=

Answer 43

Ligamentum venosum

Question 44

Left umbilical v=

Answer 44

Ligamentum teres (round ligament of liver)

Question 45

Umbilical a=

Answer 45

Round ligament of urinary bladder

Question 46

Foramen ovale=

Answer 46

Fossa ovalis

Question 47

What is the purpose of the placenta

Answer 47

Provides O2, nutrition, and waste removal

Question 48

T/F Pulmonary circulation is required before birth

Answer 48

F Not until birth -->Bypass via foramen ovale and ductus arteiosus

Question 49

T/F Portal circulation from intestines not required until birth

Answer 49

T A large portion of O2 blood bypasses liver via DUCTUS VENOSUS (connects umbilical v to caudal vena cava) Results: Regional variations in O2 content of blood