Epithelium

Question 1

Basic functional unit of the body

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

A collection of cells and material between cells that perform specialized functions

Answer 2

tissue

Question 3

A structure or mass formed by basic tissues to perform specialized functions

Answer 3

organ

Question 4

A group of organs that work together to perform specialized functions

Answer 4

system

Question 5

Epithelium traits (2)

Answer 5

Covering and lining of surface

Secretion

Question 6

Epithelium is derived from

Answer 6

ALL GERM LAYERS
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 7

Functions of epithelium (7)

Answer 7

• protection
• Transcellular transport (active and passive)
• Secretion
• Absorbtion
• Selective permeability
• Sensory detection
• Contraction (myoepithelial cells)

Question 8

Characteristics of epithelium (3)

Answer 8

• Composed entirely of cells
• Avascular (no blood vessels)
• Polarity (apical, lateral, basal)

Question 9

Physical arrangement of epithelium (3)

Answer 9

1-sheets of tightly bound cells (membrane)
2-Glands (single or group secretory)
3-Non-secretory individiul or small clusters of cells

Question 10

Membrane epithelium arranged:

Answer 10

In sheets to cover body surfaces (inside and outside)

Question 11

3 criteria for epithelial classification

Answer 11

1-Number of layers of cells
2-Shape of cells in surface layer
3-Special modification of epithelial cells

Question 12

Number of layers of cells can be

Answer 12

Simple (1 layer of cells)

Stratified (more than 1 layers of cells)

Question 13

Shape of cells in surface layer

Answer 13

Squamous-flat

Cuboidal-square

Columnar-rectangular

Question 14

Classes of epithelium in sheets with unique characteristics

Answer 14

Transitional epithelium

Pesudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 15

3 specialized modifications of epithelial cells

Answer 15

1-Apical cell membrane
2-Basal cell membrane
3-Cytoplasm

Question 16

Special modification of epithelial cell

Apical cell membrane (3)

Answer 16

• Kinocilia=long, mobile projections-CILIA
• Microvilli=short projections-BRUSH BORDER
• Stereocilia=long, non-mobile projections

Question 17

Special modification of epithelial cell

Basal cell membrane

Answer 17

Basal infoldings=invagination in basal cell membrane

Question 18

Special modification of epithelial cell

cytoplasm

Answer 18

Keratinization=deposition of proteinaceous filaments

Question 19

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 19

• simple epithelium
• Variable cell shapes
• All cells attach to basement membrane
• Not all cells reach surface of epithelium
• Common with apical surface modification (cilia or sterocilia)

Question 20

Transitional epithelium

Answer 20

• stratified epithelium
• shape of surface cells variable
• Can stretch without breaking cell to cell attachment

Question 21

Apical, basal, lateral polarity arrangement

Answer 21

Apical- toward lumen if present
Basal-attached to basement membrane
Lateral- on sides of cell that aren’t basal or apical

Question 22

Adhesion of epithelial cells to other things via

Answer 22

Junctional complexes or terminal bars

on apical surface of cell

Glycocalyx and microvilli help

Question 23

Types of attachments between epithelial cells (4)

Answer 23

Macula-spot
Zonula-girdle or belt
Occludens-tight seal
Adherens-site of adhesion

Question 24

Desmosome is example of what type of attachement

Answer 24

Macula adherens

Question 25

Some specialized structures in junctional complexes (2)

Answer 25

Gap juntinos Hemidesmosomes

Question 26

Intercellular bridges

Answer 26

desmosomes

Question 27

Components of basement membrane (2)

Answer 27

1-Basal lamina | 2-Lamina relicularis or Lamina fibrorecticularis

Question 28

Basal lamina

Answer 28

Made by epithelial cells - ->lamina lucida - ->lamina densa

Question 29

Lamina relicularis or lamina fibroreticularis is made by

Answer 29

fibroblasts

Question 30

Functions of the basement membrane (3)

Answer 30

- Attachment of epithelium - Filteration - Direct cell migration during wound healing

Question 31

Definition of gland

Answer 31

One or more specialized cells that elaborate secretory products (material not related to their ordinary metabolic needs)

Question 32

Glands originate from

Answer 32

Epithelial cells

Question 33

Glands are formed by

Answer 33

Projections of epithelium at a surface of the body into underlying mesoderm (primitive CT)

Question 34

Components of glands (2)

Answer 34

Parenchyma Stroma

Question 35

Parenchyma of glands

Answer 35

Secretory epithelial cells Epithelial cells of ducts

Question 36

Stroma of glands

Answer 36

CT matrix and cells Blood vessels Nerves

Question 37

To be a gland: 6 criteria

Answer 37

1-presence or absense of a duct 2-Number of secretory cells (exocrine or endocrine) 3-Nature of secretory product of exocrine 4-Mode of release (secretion) of secretory product by cells of exocrine glands 5-Collective shape of groups of secretory cells of exocrine gland 6-Distance endocrine secretory product must travel

Question 38

Gland with a duct

Answer 38

Exocrine gland: ducts transport secretory product to surface

Question 39

Gland without duct

Answer 39

Endocrine gland:releases secretory product into blood vessels or tissue fluid for transport carried to other locations in the body

Question 40

Example of unicellular gland

Answer 40

Goblet cell and APUD cell

Question 41

Example of multicellular gland

Answer 41

Salivary gland and parathyroid gland

Question 42

Nature of secretory product of exocrine gland (4)

Answer 42

- Serous secretion - Mucous secretion - Mixed secretion - Sebaceous secretion

Question 43

Serous secretion product

Answer 43

Watery, rich protein

Question 44

Mucous secretion product

Answer 44

Viscous, slippery, rich in sugar

Question 45

Mixed secretion product

Answer 45

Components of serous and mucuos secretions

Question 46

Sebaceous secretion product

Answer 46

Lipids (oily secretion termed sebum)

Question 47

Mode of secretion of secretory product by exocrine gland (3)

Answer 47

- merocrine - apocrine - holocrine

Question 48

Merocrine secretion

Answer 48

Secretory product released from secretory granule with NO loss of cytoplasm

Question 49

Apocrine secretion

Answer 49

Small portion of apical cytoplasm pinched off and released with secretory product

Question 50

Holocrine secretion

Answer 50

Entire cell released with secretory product

Question 51

Collective shape of groups of secretory cells of exocrine gland (3)

Answer 51

Tubular (like test tube) Acinar (berry shaped with tiny lumen) Aleveolar (big berry with big lumen)

Question 52

Distance secretory product of endocrine gland can travel (3)

Answer 52

- Autocrine - Paracrine - Endocrine

Question 53

Autocrine

Answer 53

Endocrine glands use this Secretory product directly acts on same cell

Question 54

Paracrine

Answer 54

Endocrine glands use this Secretory products acts on adjacent cells

Question 55

Endocrine

Answer 55

Endocrine glands use this Secretory product travels via vasculature to act on distant cells.

Question 56

Exocrine glands can be classified as (2) depending on duct

Answer 56

- Simple-duct is unbranced | - Compound-if duct does branch

Question 57

Lobe vs lobule

Answer 57

Lobules are separated by septums (CT wall) WITHIN the lobe. Lobules hold individual secretory acini.

Question 58

What's commonly found in the infoldings of basal cell membranes?

Answer 58

Elongated mitochondria to allow E to be used in active membrane transport system.

Question 59

What will you find on epithelium that is exposed to extensive frction

Answer 59

Keratin. For protection

Question 60

Classification of epithelium is based on

Answer 60

Morphology (cell layer, shape, special modifications)

Question 61

Name of epithelium is based on

Answer 61

Specific site in the body

Question 62

SSE that lines blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and heart is

Answer 62

endothelium

Question 63

Glyococalyx

Answer 63

Protective layer of glycoproteins

Question 64

Goblet cells - Secrete - derived

Answer 64

Single cell gland - secrete mucus-->mucinogen (unhydrated precursor of mucus) - derived from endoderm

Question 65

What composes junctional complex

Answer 65

tight junctions (zonular occludens) zonular adherens desmosomes (macula adherens) gap junctions (nexus)

Question 66

Where can you see mitosis?

Answer 66

Basement membrane

Question 67

Keratohyalin

Answer 67

Small basophilic granules in cytosplasm that are associated with aggregation of keratin filaments.

Question 68

Transtional epithelum appearance is due to

Answer 68

Stretching