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Hemopoiesis Flashcards

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1
Q

% of body weight blood and bone marrow make

A

Bone marrow-5 percent

Blood- 10 percent

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2
Q

When does hemopoiesis begin?

A

1-2 weeks post-conception

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3
Q

What is the primary site of postnatal hemopoiesis

A

Bone marrow

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4
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells

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5
Q

Myelopoiess

A

Production of marrow or blood cells derived from marrow

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6
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Production of white blood cells

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7
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of erythrocytes

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8
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

Production of lymphocytes

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9
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

Production of granulocytes

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10
Q

Extramedullary myelopoiesis

A

Production of myeloid elements at sites other than bone marrow

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11
Q

Hemopoiesis location 1-2 weeks post-conception

A

Embryological site= Mesoderm of yolk sac (blood islands)

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12
Q

Hemopoiesis location 6 weeks of gestation to birth

A

First trimester=liver

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13
Q

Hemopoiesis location during second trimester to birth

A

Spleen

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14
Q

Hemopoiesis location third trimester of gestation throughout postnatal life

A

Bone marrow

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15
Q

What hemopoietic areas can be reactivated if needed as postnatal site of hemopoiess (extramedullary)

A

Liver and Spleen

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16
Q

What type of bone marrow is in fetus?

-Indicates

A

Red marrow

-active myelopoiess

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17
Q

What type of bone marrow is in adults?

A 
Red marrow (flat bones, vertebrae, long bone epiphyses)
-Active myelopoiesis

Yellow marrow
-Inactive myelopoiesis

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18
Q

Yellow marrow

  • made of
  • types of cells
A

Adipose CT

Adipocytes occupy space not needed for hemopoetic cells

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19
Q

T/F Yellow marrow can not be re-activated

A

F

It can be re-activated

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20
Q

How do WBC get into circulation

A

Central vein

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21
Q

Sinus of bone marrow is lined by

A

Endothelial cells

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22
Q

Stroma of bone marrow (2)

A

Reticular CT forms open lattice

Adventitial reticular cells (type of reticular cell)

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23
Q

Adventitial reticular cell fxn (5)

A

1-Produce and surround reticular fibers (type III collagen)
2-Prevent exposure to platelets (prevents clotting)
3-Branching of cytoplasmic processes forms scaffold for hemopoietic cells
4-Provide structural support for sinusoids
5-Differentiate into adipocytes

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24
Q

Bone marrow structure- sinusoids

  • Structure
  • Connect
A
  • Wide, anastomotic vascular channels

- Connect branches from central artery to central vein

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25
T/F Central artery is larger that the central vein
T
26
What is the benefit of the central artery being larger than the central vein?
Increases pressure in the sinusoids to prevent their collapse as cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue
27
Sinusoids endoethelial lining is supported by
Reticular CT and adventitial reticular cells
28
Where are MQ located in relation to sinusoids
Along outer wall of sinusoids and among hemopoietic cell groups
29
Fxn of MQ (3)
1-Eliminate old RBC, malformed cells, extruded nuclei from maturing RBC 2-Regulate differentiation of hemopoietic cells 3-Deliver Fe to developing RBC for heme formation
30
Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - primary cell of - What % of nucleated cells in BM - A part of what population
- Primary cell of origin (undifferentiated) for all blood cells - 0.1 percent - Null cell population of peripheral blood....morphogically indistinguishable from small lymphocyte
31
Multipotential hemopoietic stem cells - AKA - Subpopulations
-CFUs (colony forming units): group of cells with a common purpose and form specific different subpopulations of cells - Lymphocytes (CFU-Ly) - Myeloid cells=all other blood cells (CFU-GEMM or CFU-S)
32
GEMM
Granulocyte Erythrocyte Monocyte Megakaryocyte
33
What is an indicator of poietic stem cell?
CD34+ Ag
34
Progenitor cells - AKA - Fxn
Committed CFU cells or Unipotential CFU Can form only one or two specific type of blood cells
35
Precursor cells - AKA - Fxn
AKA maturing cells Differentiates into mature cell
36
T/F Some stages of development in precursor cells may be found in peripheral blood
T
37
Regulation of hemopoiesis (2)
Indirect control Direct control
38
Indirect control of hemopoiesis
Via physiological demands to maintain homeostasis of the body
39
Direct control of hemopoiesis
Via growth factors and cytokines
40
What are pluropotential and multipotential stem cells influenced by? - Type of control - growth factors - Cytokines
Direct control - Steel factor or stem cell factor (SCF) in CM of stromal cells - Granulocyte-MQ colony stimulating factor (GM_CSF) - IL-1,3,6
41
Unpotential progenitor cells influenced by - Control - Growth factors
Direct control ``` Stem cell factor Erythropoietin Thrombopoietin GM-CSF G-CSF M-CSF ```
42
Most important growth factors and IL?
``` GM-CSF G-CSF M-CSF IL-1,3 6 Erythropoietin Thrombopoietin ```
43
Where did a lot of the important GF and IL originate?
MQ/monocyte
44
Hemopoietic cells are capable of (3)
Erythropoiesis (make RBC) Leukopoiesis (make WBC) Thrombopoiesis (make platelets)
45
Production of erythrocytes stimulated by
Erythropoietin from kidney
46
Erythropoietin acts on
CFU-GEMM cells to become BFU-E cells (burst forming unit)
47
RBC formation is coordinated to meet | 2
Metabolic needs of the body - O2 transport requirements - Replacement of worn out RBCs
48
What are the general cellular changes during sequential differentiation and maturation?
- Progressive decrease in size of cell and nucleus - Gradual condensation of nuclear chromatin and heterochromatin formation - Polyribosome increase then progressive decrease - Progressive hemoglobin synthesis - Gradual loss of organelles
49
Give maturation stages (earliest-->most mature) of erythrocyte
``` Pluripotent stem cell Myeloid stem cell BFU-E CFU-E Rubriblast Prorubricyte Rubricyte Metarubricyte Reticulocyte Erythrocyte ```
50
Rubriblast AKA Formed from
Proerythroblast, pronormoblast CFU-E
51
``` Rubriblast phenotype Polyribosomes Nucleuolus Golgi Transcription ```
Numerous polyribosomes Nucleolus present (-) Golgi image may be observed Transcription of chromatin and mitosis
52
What gives rubriblast basophilic stain?
Polyribosomes
53
Prorubicyte AKA Formed from
basophilic erythoblast, basophilic normoblast Rubriblast
54
``` Prorubicyte phenotype Nucleus Chromatin Polyribosomes Hemoglobin Transcription ```
Smaller cell and nucleus from rubriblast Chromatin begins to condense ABUNDANT polyribosomes (same number in more condensed area) Hemoglobin synthesis begins but is not apparent Transcrption of chromatin and mitosis
55
Rubricyte AKA Formed from
Polychromatic erythroblast, polychromatic normoblast | Prorubicyte
56
Rubricyte phenotype Transcription
Cell and nucleus smaller than prorubricyte Condensation of chromatin but light areas are visible in condensed chromatin Lots of polyribosomes Hemoglobin synthesis apparent=gray cytoplasm CLOCK FACED NUCLEUS Transcription of chromatin and mitosis
57
What stage in erythropoiesis shows apparent hemoglobin synthesis
Rubricyte | -Basophilia of ribosomes plus acidophilia of hemoglobin equal gray color of cytoplasm
58
Metarubricyte AKA Derived from
Orthochromatic erythroblast, orthochromatic normoblast Rubricyte
59
Metarubricyte phenotype - Nucleus - Chromatin - Polyribosomes - Hemoglobin - Mitosis
Small cell with PYKNOTIC NUCLEUS Highly condensed chromatin Small amount of polyribsosomes Abundant hemoglobin (pinkish gray cytoplasm) Mitosis can occur at any stage
60
``` Reticulocyte phenotype Nucleus Mitosis polyribosomes hemoglobin ```
No nucleus- extruded from metarubricyte No mitosis Few polyribosomes (slight gray tint to cytoplasm Abundant hemoglobin
61
What stage of erythropoiesis can be 1% of peripheral blood in normal small animals
Reticulocyte
62
Reticulocyte derived from
Metaubricyte
63
Last stage of erythropoiesis
Erythrocyte
64
Erythrocyte morphology size organelles Nucleus
Size and shape is variable among species No organelles Howell-Jolly bodies may be present (remnant of nucleus (DNA)
65
T/F Granulopoiesis originates from the same multipotential CFU as erythrocytes
T
66
T/F Progenitor cells (unipotential CFU) and early precursor cells are the same for all granulocytes
F There are specific progenitor cells for each granulocyte
67
What controls what progenitor cell will become a specific granulocyte
Cytokines
68
What is the general trend of granulopoiesis
Decrease in cell size Irregular nuclear shape with gradual lobation of nucleus Synthesis of azurophilic granules Synthesis of specific granules
69
What are the stages of granulopoiesis
``` Pluripotent stem cell Myeloid stem cell (CFU-GEMM) Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Stab cell Granulocyte ```
70
Myeloblast Originates from Granules Mitosis
Specific progenitor cell (unipotential CFU) Cytoplasmic granules not visible Yes to mitosis
71
Promyelocyte Originates from Granules Mitosis
Myeloblast Primary or azurophilic granules (lyososomes) present and visible in cytoplasm Yes to mitosis
72
``` Metamyelocyte Originates from Granules Mitosis Nucleus ```
Promyelocyte Specific granules more prominent than primary granules for granulocytes No mitosis Nucleus is eccentric located and less than 50 percent of invagination
73
``` Band cell Originates from Granules Mitosis Nucleus Peripheral blood ```
Metamyelocyte Specific granules more prominent than primary granules for each type of granulocyte No mitosis Nucleus is eccentric located and MORE THAN 50 percent invagination "ribbon-like" Can see in peripheral blood
74
``` Mature granulocyte Derived from Granules Nucleus Mitosis ```
Band cell Prominent specific granules Nucleus is multilobated and condensed chromatin No mitosis

Histology (14 decks)

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