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Respiratory Lecture Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Types of epithelia in respiratory system (6)

A 
Stratified squamous
PSCC with goblet cells
PSCC sensory olfactory region
PSCC of respiratory tree
Simple cuboidal of alveolus
Simple squamous of alveolus
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2
Q

What are the 3 regions the nasal cavity consists of

A

Sensory

  • Olfactory
  • Vomeronasal organ

Non-sensory
-Respiratory

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3
Q

What’s the primary function of the respiratory epithelium

A

Warm, clean, and humidify inspired incoming air

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4
Q

Olfactory system CNS or ANS

A

CNS sense of smell

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5
Q

What kind of neurons are in olfactory system

A

True neuron (exposed to outside world and vulnerable)

Bipolar neuron (true neuron, has axon and dendrite)

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6
Q

What types of receptors are in olfactory system

A

Odorant receptors on cilia

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7
Q

T/F Olfactory system is capable of neuron replacement

A

T
This is normal and happens when injured

Happens via basal cell mitosis (post natal neurogenesis) and development of new acon and dendrite.

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8
Q

When doing neurological testing for CN I use…

A

Food

NOT smelling salts

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9
Q

Where does olfactory neuron axon project

->Probelm?

A

Directly to CNS olfactory bulb

->Potential portal of infection to CNS

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10
Q

What are the 2 sensory systems present in canine?

A

Main olfactory system-in nasal cavoty

Vomeronasal system-opens into oral cavity

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11
Q

Where does the VNO system and main olfactory system connect

A

Connect with axon projections to olfactory bulb

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12
Q

What is the VNO system important for?

A

Mating and repro fxns

–>VNO Flehmen response

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13
Q

Sensory epithelium consists of (5)

A

Basal cells

Supporting cells

Bipolar olfactory sensory neurons

Olfactory axons in lamina propria

Bowman’s glands

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14
Q

Hyposmia and anosmia are a result from

A

Foreign bodies that damage nasal cavity mucosa…. can cause secondary infection

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15
Q

What are defensins?

  • What fxns do they have
  • Example
A

Small peptides produced by WBC and epithelial cells

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory fxns

CBD 103 and pigmentation and feeding behavior

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16
Q

What is fxn of olfactory epithelium

A

Detect odorant materials

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17
Q

What are fxn of PSSC, Goblet cells, basal cells, supporting cells, olfactory neurons, axon bundles, Bowman glands

A

Protection

->Mucociliary blanket and defensins

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18
Q

What are some clinical implications of nasal cavity

A

Nasal mass will impact olfaction and respiration

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19
Q

What are the 3 layers of the trachea

A

Mucosa
Submcosa
Adventtia

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20
Q

What is the classification of trachea epithelium

A

PSCC with goblet cells

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21
Q

What are some physical structures of trachea

A

Hyaline cartilage ring

Trachealis muscle

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22
Q

Give breakdown of trachea

A

Bifurcates into 2 primary bronchi

Secondary bronchi (enters lung lobes)

Tertiary bronchi

Terminal bronchioles

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23
Q

T/F Trachea epithelium PSCC, gets “higher” as you work caudally down the conducting airway system

A

F

PSCC gets lower

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24
Q

As airway decreases in size what trends occur

A

Decrease in cartilage

Glands and epithelial height

Increase in smooth muscle

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25
Distinguish what components of bronchial tree have cartilage and smooth muscle
Primary bronchi -Cartilage plates -Smooth muscle (Primary component that maintains airway patency) Secondary bronchi - Cartilage plates - Smooth muscle Tertiary bronchi - Cartilage plates - Smooth muscle Terminal bronchioles - NO CARTILAGE - Smooth muscle
26
What cells are in the respiratory epithelium
``` Ciliated cells Goblet cells Basal cells Brush cells DNES cells ```
27
What is the beginning of the respiratory portion of airway
Respiratory bronchioles
28
Respiratory bronchioles - Epithelium - Goblet ccells - Alveoli - Glands
Simple epithelium Few goblet cells Alveoli present in airway wall No glands
29
In respiratory bronchioles, which extends farther, ciliated cells or secretory components?
Ciliated cells
30
What cells protect bronchiolar airway
Clara cells | -Columnar shape secretory cells
31
Is there gas exchange in terminal bronchiole?
Nope | -Dead air space
32
Is there gas exchange in respiratory bronchiole?
Yes
33
T/F Bronchial tree is conducting portion
T
34
What includes the conducting | portion?
Bronchial tree - L and R primary bronchi - Intrapulmonary bronchi - Bronchioles - Terminal bronchioles
35
What's the difference btw intrapulmonary bronchi and primary bronchi
Primary bronchi=cartilage C rings Intrapulmonary bronchi= Irregular hyaline cartilage - Smooth muscle are in two distinct layers and spiral in opposite directions. - Elastic fibers, radiate from adventitia to connect with elastic fibers arising from other parts of the bronchial tree (similar to terminal bronchioles)
36
What are the ranges of bronchiole epithelium
Ciliate simple columnar with occasional goblet cells in larger bronchioles to simple cuboidal (many with cilia) with occasional Clara cells and no goblet cells in smaller bronchioles
37
Termnal bronchioles are lined by... | -Lamina propria consists of...
Clara cells and cuboidal cells Fibroelastic CT and 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells Elastic fibers similar to intrapulmonary bronchi
38
What cells produces surfactant
Type II cells...secrete surfactant on alveolar surface to reduce surface tension and keeps alveoli from inflating.
39
The respiratory portion of the respiratory system is composed of
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli
40
If alveoli are present, what occurs?
GAS EXCHANGE So bronchioles=gas exchange Terminal bronchioles=no gas exchange
41
Explain alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and atrium
Alveolar ducts do not have walls of their own and end as a blind outpouching made of alveoli. THIS IS ALVEOLAR SAC. Alevolar sac open into common space and called ATRIUM
42
What are alveoli made of
Air sacs made of type I and type II (larger) pneumocytes
43
What is the region btw adjacent alveoli and what capillary bed is associated with it
Interalveolar septum Continuous capillaries
44
What is the thinnest region of interalveolar septum where gas exchange can occur? -What happens here
Blood-gas barrier. -Type I pneumocytes in intimate contact with endothelial lining of capillary and basal laminae. Helps O2 (alveolar lumen) exchange with CO2 (blood)
45
Classify lung parenchyma
Simple squamous cuboidal
46
What cells can mitotically divide?
Type II pneumocytes and can differentiate into type I cels and re-establish air-blood barrier.
47
What makes up the majority of SA of the alveolus alveolar lining
Type I cells
48
If Type I cells are injured...
Type II cells can undergo mitosis and replace Type I cells and re-establish alveolar lining.
49
What is recruited to clear dead type I cells | -What are they called
Pulmonary MQ | -Heart failure cells because RBCs and hemosiderin content are called "gitter cells"
50
What is in the gas-blood barrier?
``` Surfactant Type I cells Fused basal lamina of Type I Basal lamina of endothelial cell Edothelial cell RBC ```
51
How can MQ move?
Pores of Kahn (intralevolar pore) in alveolar wall
52
Atelectasis | AKA
Collapsed lung
53
What are normal contents of pleural cavity
Scant amount of serous fluid (keeps frction low and surface tension high)
54
Air in pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
55
Blood in pleural cavity
Hemothorax
56
Pus in pleural cavoty
Pyrothroax
57
Where are tracheal collapse most seen?
Toy/miniature breeds
58
Cause of tracheal collapse
???
59
What's critical management of tracheal collapse?
Weight management
60
What are defense mechanisms of repiratory tract
Nasal cacity Mucociliary tract Glandular and epithelial secretions of defensins antibmicrobial and antiviral proteins Alveolar MQ

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