Respiratory Handout Notes

Question 1

What is the purpose of serous fluid in the pleural cavity?

Answer 1

Allows pleural (serous) membranes to move past each other with little friction and helps keep the lungs partially expanded.

Question 2

Functions of respiratory type epithelium

Answer 2

Warm humidify inspired air
Provide an immunological defense and ciliary clearing action
Provide sense of smell

Question 3

What physical structure helps nasal cavity to warm and humidify air?

Answer 3

Conchae

Question 4

Delivers air to lungs

Answer 4

Conducting portion

Question 5

Where O2 and CO2 are exchanged in blood

Answer 5

Respiratory portion

Question 6

Name conducting portion structures

Answer 6

Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi

Question 7

Nasal cavity epithelium

Answer 7

Olfactory epithelium (PSCC w/o goblet)

Respiratory epithelium (PSCC w/goblet)

Question 8

Olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity contents (4)

Answer 8

PSCC
Supporting cells
Olfactory bipolar neurons
Basal cells
Bowman's glands present in lamina propria

Question 9

Respiratory epithelium of nasal cavity contents(4)

Answer 9

PSCC
Ciliated columnar cells
Basal cells
Goblet cells
Seromucus glands

Question 10

Contents of trachea (4)

Answer 10

PSCC w/goblet cells
C-shaped cartilage
Smooth muscle, trachealis muscle
Fibroelastic CT
Submucosal glands

Question 11

What weird cells are scattered within respiratory tract

Answer 11

Amino precursor uptake decarboxylation cells (APUD)

Diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES)

Question 12

What provides structural support to trachea and good ID

Answer 12

Incomplete cartilaginous rings

Question 13

Important fxn of trachea

Answer 13

Coat surface with viscous film via goblet cells and submucosal glands

Question 14

What is made of irregular cartilage plates, PSCC, spiraling smooth muscle and a part of the conducting airway

Answer 14

Bronchi

Question 15

Contents of bronchi

Answer 15

PSCC w/goblet cells
Seromucus glands in lamina propria
Smooth muscle bands
Irregular hyaline cartilagenous plates

Question 16

What marks the transition from conducting to respiratory portion?

Answer 16

Bronchioles

Question 17

Contents of bronchioles (3)

Answer 17

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Alveoli
Some goblet cells

Question 18

What cells make up alveolus

Answer 18

Type I cells
Type II cells
MQ

Question 19

Type I cells

Answer 19

Simple squamous
Thin cytoplasm
Help with air-blood barrier

Question 20

Type II cells

Answer 20

Simple cuboidal
Release surfactant
Stabilizes alveoli from collapsing
Can undergo mitosis to replenish Type I and II cells

Question 21

Give cells of PSCC (5)

Answer 21

Ciliated columnar cell
Basal cell
Goblet cell
Brush cell
Granule

Question 22

What’s the most abundant type of cell of PSCC

Answer 22

Ciliated columnar

Question 23

What are the replacement cells of PSCC

Answer 23

Basal

Question 24

What are sensory receptor type cells of PSCC

Answer 24

Brush cells

Question 25

What are the small granule cells of PSCC a part of?

Answer 25

Diffuse neuorendocrine system (DNES)

Question 26

As you go down the nasal cavity, what are the trends?

Answer 26

More cells are present Epithelium appears thicker Goblet cells are absent (you're in olfactory epithelium)

Question 27

What type of glands are Bowman's? Where are they found

Answer 27

Serous Only found in olfactory region of terrestrial vertebrates

Question 28

What are collections of olfactory axons in lamina propria

Answer 28

Axon fasicle

Question 29

Thins squamous epithelium that covers 90% of SA and allows gas exchange with capillaries

Answer 29

Type I cells

Question 30

Simple cuboidal cells and make surfactant and can make Type I cells

Answer 30

Type II cells

Question 31

What are the source of MQ

Answer 31

Alveolar interstitium

Question 32

Where does gas exchange occur

Answer 32

Blood-air barrier | AKA capillary endothelium

Question 33

Purpose of surfctant and importance in fetal development

Answer 33

Reduces surface tension by limiting attractive forces of water molecule. Important to fetal lung prior to birth to prevent alveolar collapse.