CELL DIVISION AND THE HUMAN LIFE CYCLE (3)

Question 1

autosomes

Answer 1

are the 22 pairs of chromosomes that control traits unrelated to gender

Question 2

karotype

Answer 2

picture of all chromosomes in their pairs

Question 3

kromotid

Answer 3

copy of chromosomes held together by centromere

Question 4

kromatin

Answer 4

DNA and proteins held together in a circle

Question 5

phrophase

Answer 5

phase nucleus breaks

Question 6

telephase

Answer 6

phase that puts the nucleus back together

Question 7

cell division

Answer 7

meosis and mitosis

Question 8

cell cycle

Answer 8

interphase and cell division together

Question 9

interphase part

Answer 9

cell cycle not division

Question 10

homogenous

Answer 10

meiosis line up equator pairs

Question 11

antephase 1

Answer 11

pulling apart amologous pairs

Question 12

antephase 2

Answer 12

pullings apart sister chromosomes

Question 13

meosis

Answer 13

sexual reproduction by 1/2 the genetic material

Question 14

sister chromosomes

Answer 14

held together by cuntromers

Question 15

mitosis

Answer 15

growth and repair- identical genetic material

Question 16

cell cycle

Answer 16

somatic cell division increases the number of cells in the body

Question 17

apoptosis

Answer 17

programmed cell death

Question 18

interphase

Answer 18

the cell gets ready to divide

Question 19

mitosis

Answer 19

start with 46 and end with 46 chromosomes

1. prophase-cell breaks up
2. metaphase- nucleus lines up in the center
3. anaphase- sister chrome separate (each side has identical copy)
4. telophase- start to pull nucleus back together

Question 20

sister chromatids

Answer 20

chromosome duplicates and is composed of two identical parts

Question 21

centromere

Answer 21

holds double chromosomes together

Question 22

centrosome

Answer 22

duplicates and migrates to opposite ends of the cell forming the poles

Question 23

centrioles

Answer 23

short cylinders found in the centrosome and assist in the formation of spindle fibers

Question 24

prophase

Answer 24

chromosomes become visible

• nucleolus disappears
• nuclear envelope fragments
• centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
• aster and spindle fibers radiate out from centrioles
• spindle fibers attach to centromeres

Question 25

sex chromosomes

Answer 25

1 pair of chromosomes

Question 26

meiosis

Answer 26

two nuclear divisions in the formation of haploid gametes | -end with 1/2 number of chromosomes

Question 27

meiosis 1

Answer 27

- replication of DNA - homologous chromosomes come together and line up side by side called synapsis - divison forms 2 daughter cells

Question 28

meiosis 2

Answer 28

- centrosome divides - sister chromatids separate - divison forms 4 haploid gametes (1/2 the number)

Question 29

mitosis

Answer 29

- body (somatic) cells - DNA replication - 1 nuclear divison - 2 diploid cells - genetically identical

Question 30

meiosis

Answer 30

- sex cells (gametes - DNA replication - 2 nuclear divisions - 4 haploid cells - not genetically identical

Question 31

spermatogenesis

Answer 31

formation of sperm in the male

Question 32

oogenesis

Answer 32

formation of eggs in the female

Question 33

nondisjunction

Answer 33

occurs when both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell during meiosis 1, or when sister chromatids fails to separate in meiosis 2

Question 34

monosomy

Answer 34

cell has only 1 copy of a chromosome

Question 35

turner syndrome (XO)

Answer 35

only 1 X chromosome (GIRL) | -short stature, broad shouldered, with folds on the neck, underdeveloped sex organs and breasts

Question 36

trisomy

Answer 36

cell has 3 copies of chromosome

Question 37

down syndrome

Answer 37

3 copies of chromosome #21

Question 38

klinefelder syndrome (XXY)

Answer 38

(BOY) | -underdeveloped sex organs, breast development, large hands, and long arms and legs

Question 39

jacobs syndrome (XXY)

Answer 39

tall, persistant acne, speech and reading problems