SKELETAL SYSTEM (1)

Question 1

bone

Answer 1

living connective tissue composed of a hard matrix material and bone cells

Question 2

compact bone

Answer 2

mineralized matrix that gives great strength to bone tissue

Question 3

spongy bone

Answer 3

spaces filled with red marrow found on the ends of long bones with flat bones

Question 4

cartilage

Answer 4

flexible connective tissue not as strong as bone tissue

Question 5

hyaline cartilage

Answer 5

ends of long bones, nose, ends of ribs, larynx and trachea

Question 6

fibrocartilage

Answer 6

disks between vertebrae and in the knee and is stronger than hyaline cartilage

Question 7

elastic cartilage

Answer 7

ear flaps and epiglottis and is more flexible than hyaline cartilage

Question 8

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 8

contains rows of cells called fibroblasts separated by bundles of collagenous fibers

Question 9

ligaments

Answer 9

attach bone at joints

Question 10

tendons

Answer 10

attach muscle to bone

Question 11

periosteum

Answer 11

covering the bone contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

Question 12

red bone marrow

Answer 12

makes blood cells; found in spongy bone and flat bones

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

living, outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

Question 14

ligaments

Answer 14

fibrous connective tissue that connects bones

Question 15

osteoblasts (bone cell)

Answer 15

bone-forming cells

Question 16

osteocytes (bone cell)

Answer 16

mature bone cells and maintain the structure of the bone

Question 17

osteoclasts (bone cell)

Answer 17

bone-absorbing cells

Question 18

intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue like the cranium

Question 19

endochondral ossification

Answer 19

bone replaces cartilage as do most bones of the skeleton

Question 20

Bone repair

Answer 20

1. hematoma (6-8 hrs) -a mass of clotted blood
2. fibrocartilaginous (3 weeks) -fibrocartilage fills spaces between broken bones
3. bony callus (3-4 months) -fibrocartilage is replaced by bone tissue
4. remodeling -old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue

Question 21

endoskeleton

Answer 21

internal body framework

• supports and gives shape to the body
• protects soft body parts
• stores minerals and fat
• along with muscles, permits flexible body movement

Question 22

axial skeleton

Answer 22

lies in the midline of the body

• skull
• hyoid bone

Question 23

33 vertebrae

Answer 23

vertebral column consists of

Question 24

atlas

Answer 24

1st cervical vertebrae and holds up the head

Question 25

cervical vertebrae

Answer 25

7 neck vertebrae

Question 26

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 26

12 chest vertebrae (protects the spinal cord)

Question 27

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 27

5 abdominal vertebrae

Question 28

sternum

Answer 28

breastbone; is composed of the manubrium (the handle), the body (the blade), and the xiphoid process

Question 29

appendicular skeleton

Answer 29

consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs

Question 30

fibrous (joint)

Answer 30

usually immovable (such as the sutures between cranial bones)

Question 31

cartilaginous (joint)

Answer 31

tend to be slightly movable (such as the intervertebral disks)

Question 32

synovial (joint)

Answer 32

freely moveable joints (such as the ball and socket hip and shoulder joints, and the hinge knee and elbow joints)

Question 33

synovial membrane

Answer 33

produces synovial fluid, and excellent lube for the joints

Question 34

flexion

Answer 34

decreases the joint angle

Question 35

extension

Answer 35

increases the joint angle

Question 36

adduction

Answer 36

movement of the body toward the midline

Question 37

abduction

Answer 37

movement of the body away from the midline

Question 38

rotation

Answer 38

movement of the body part around its own axis

Question 39

circumduction

Answer 39

movement of the body part in a wide circle

Question 40

supination

Answer 40

the rotation of the lower arm so that the palm is upward

Question 41

pronation

Answer 41

the rotation of the lower arm so that the palm is downward

Question 42

osteoporosis

Answer 42

bones are weakened due to a decreased bone mass, can lead to fractures. -can be treated with drugs, hormones, and life choices

Question 43

osteoarthritis

Answer 43

deterioration of cartilage at bone joints

Question 44

humerus

Answer 44

bone of the upper arm

Question 45

radius

Answer 45

the shorter of the two long bones of the forearm

Question 46

ulna

Answer 46

the longer of the two bones of the forearm

Question 47

femur

Answer 47

the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body

Question 48

patella

Answer 48

the technical name for the kneecap, the triangular-shaped bone at the front of the knee joint

Question 49

tibia

Answer 49

the inner and thicker of the two long bones in the lower leg. It is also called the shin bone.

Question 50

fibula

Answer 50

the outer and thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg. It is much narrower than the other bone (the shin), to which it runs parallel and to which it is attached at both ends by ligaments.

Question 51

clavicle

Answer 51

collarbone

Question 52

scapula

Answer 52

shoulder blade

Question 53

zygomatic bone

Answer 53

cheek bone

Question 54

mandible

Answer 54

lower jaw bone