Flashcards in Cell Division Quiz Deck (35)
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Why cell division?
To support bodily function
To heal
To reproduce
To replenish dead cells
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What are the three positives of asexual reproduction
Very fast
Energy sufficient
Makes a lot of offspring
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What is the negative of asexual reproduction Ct
If it dies all are likely to die too: no variation
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What are the three negatives of sexual reproduction
Slow
Not energy sufficient
Fewer offspring
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What is the positives of sexual reproduction
Unique: genetic variation
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Cell division happens in (what kind of cells)?
Somatic (body) cells and not germ (sex) cells
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In eukaryotic cells what are the two main stages of cell division
Mitosis and cytokinesis
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Reproduction by mitosis is classified as
Asexual since the cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
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What are chromosomee
In eukaryotic cells the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes
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What are chromosomes made up of
DNA and proteins
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When are chromosomes visible in most cells
During cell division
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What are chromatids
Well before cell division, each chromosome is replicated, or copied. Because of this, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids
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Each chromatid is attached to an area called the
Centromere
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Define centromere
Centromere's are usually located near the middle of the chromatids, although some line near the ends
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Period of growth in between cell divisions is called
Interphase
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What occurs during the cell cycle
During the cell cycle the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again.
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Which phase occurs in the M phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
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Which phases occur during the S-phase
Chromosome replication or synthesis. When the cell copies of chromosomes it makes a duplicate set of DNA
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Which phases are between the M and S phases?
G1 and G2
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What are the g1 and g2 phases?
They are actually periods of intense growth and activity
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Interphase is divided into three phases:
G1 S and G2
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What occurs in the G1 phase
Growth: cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles
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What occurs during the S phase?
Chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules take place. Key proteins associated with the chromosomes are also synthesize
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What happens during the G2 phase
Many organelles and molecules required for Cell division are produced. When it's completed the cell is ready to enter the M phase and begin the process of cell division
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What are the four phases of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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What are centrioles
Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope at the beginning of prophase
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What is the spindle
A fanlike microtubule that helps separate the chromosomes
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Define prophase
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down
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Define metaphase
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere
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