Inheritance

Question 0

What are the two types of reproduction

Answer 0

Asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 1

Define heredity

Answer 1

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

“Clone” A single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all it’s jeans to its offspring

Question 3

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 3

Two parents giving rise to offspring that are unique combination of jeans

Question 4

Where is all this information for all the seriation stored

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

What is a gene

Answer 5

A segment of DNA

Question 6

What determines genetic traits

Answer 6

One or more genes

Question 7

Genes code for the production of particular

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Proteins express

Answer 8

The characteristic of the genes

Question 9

Nucleic acid store genetic information in chromosomes which are passed from _____ to ______ during reproduction

Answer 9

Parents

Offspring

Question 10

Genes are segments of

Answer 10

DNA located on are chromosomes

Question 11

What type of organism is DNA one circular chromosome

Answer 11

Prokaryotic

Question 12

In what organism is DNA packaged into the chromosomes in the nucleus

Answer 12

Eukaryotic

Question 13

Duplicated chromosomes are called

Answer 13

Sister chromatids

Question 14

Sister chromatids are held together by the

Answer 14

Centromere

Question 15

In interphase the DNA is uncoil and is called

Answer 15

Chromatin

Question 16

How many chromosomes to humans have

Answer 16

46

Question 17

What are the first 22 pairs of the human chromosomes called

Answer 17

Autosomes

Question 18

What are the last pair of the human chromosomes called

Answer 18

The sex chromosomes

Question 19

What do the sex chromosomes determine

Answer 19

The organisms gender

Question 20

What are homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

A pair of chromosomes (maternal and paternal) similar in size and shape

Question 21

What do homologies chromosomes carry

Answer 21

They carry genes controlling the same inherited traits

Question 22

What are alleles

Answer 22

Different forms of the genes that control the same inherited traits

Question 23

What is fertilization

Answer 23

To pass genes from mother to father gametes must fused together in the process called fertilization

Question 24

Define zygote

Answer 24

The fertilized cell becomes a new, unique organism called a zygote

Question 25

Each gamete (egg or sperm) has only a

Answer 25

Single chromosome from each homologous pair (haploid chromosome number)

Question 26

Zygote has

Answer 26

One of each pair of homologous chromosomes (one from mom one from dad) or the diploid chromosome number

Question 27

What is the type of reproduction division that produces genetically different gametes

Answer 27

Meiosis

Question 28

What happensin interface of meiosis 1

Answer 28

G1: cell growth S: DNA replication G2: organelles replicate

Question 29

Happens in prophase of meiosis 1

Answer 29

Homologous chromosomes pair and forms a tetrad Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes Spindle fibers form and nuclear membrane dissolves Crossing over occurs

Question 30

What is crossing over

Answer 30

Shuffles genome of homologous chromosomes (exchanges genetic information)

Question 31

What happens in metaphase of meiosis 1

Answer 31

Spindle fibers attached to center mirrors and tetrads lineup (metaphase plate) Maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes line up randomly

Question 32

What happens in anaphase of meiosis 1

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles | Sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere's

Question 33

What happens in telophase of meiosis one

Answer 33

Nuclear envelope reassemble Spindle fibers disappear Cytokinesis divides the two cells into haploid cells

Question 34

What occurs in metaphase of meiosis 2

Answer 34

Same as metaphase in meiosis one

Question 35

What occurs in anaphase of meiosis two

Answer 35

Same as meiosis one

Question 36

Occurs in telophase of meiosis two

Answer 36

Same as to telophase in meiosis one

Question 37

What is nondisjunction

Answer 37

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly and cell division

Question 38

What are at least six differences of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 38

Number of divisions: Mitosis 1 mitosis 2 of daughter cells: mitosis (2) meiosis (4) Geneticly identical? Mitosis (yes) meiosis no) Chromosome #: mitosis(same as parent. Meiosis (half of parent) Where: mitosis(somatic cells) meiosis: sex cells When: mitosis(throughout life) meiosis(at sexual maturity)p

Question 39

What are the three sources of genetic variation that come from meiosis

Answer 39

1. Crossing over 2. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes 3. Random fertilization of sperm and egg