Flashcards in Inheritance Deck (40)
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Define heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
1
What are the two types of reproduction
Asexual and sexual reproduction
2
Asexual reproduction
"Clone" A single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all it's jeans to its offspring
3
What is sexual reproduction
Two parents giving rise to offspring that are unique combination of jeans
4
Where is all this information for all the seriation stored
Genes
5
What is a gene
A segment of DNA
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What determines genetic traits
One or more genes
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Genes code for the production of particular
Proteins
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Proteins express
The characteristic of the genes
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Nucleic acid store genetic information in chromosomes which are passed from _____ to ______ during reproduction
Parents
Offspring
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Genes are segments of
DNA located on are chromosomes
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What type of organism is DNA one circular chromosome
Prokaryotic
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In what organism is DNA packaged into the chromosomes in the nucleus
Eukaryotic
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Duplicated chromosomes are called
Sister chromatids
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Sister chromatids are held together by the
Centromere
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In interphase the DNA is uncoil and is called
Chromatin
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How many chromosomes to humans have
46
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What are the first 22 pairs of the human chromosomes called
Autosomes
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What are the last pair of the human chromosomes called
The sex chromosomes
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What do the sex chromosomes determine
The organisms gender
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What are homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes (maternal and paternal) similar in size and shape
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What do homologies chromosomes carry
They carry genes controlling the same inherited traits
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What are alleles
Different forms of the genes that control the same inherited traits
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What is fertilization
To pass genes from mother to father gametes must fused together in the process called fertilization
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Define zygote
The fertilized cell becomes a new, unique organism called a zygote
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Each gamete (egg or sperm) has only a
Single chromosome from each homologous pair (haploid chromosome number)
26
Zygote has
One of each pair of homologous chromosomes (one from mom one from dad) or the diploid chromosome number
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What is the type of reproduction division that produces genetically different gametes
Meiosis
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What happensin interface of meiosis 1
G1: cell growth
S: DNA replication
G2: organelles replicate
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