Cell Structure and Function/Cell Membrane

Question 1

What all cells have in common

Answer 1

each cell has a plasma membrane, a boundary between its interior and outside environment. The interior consists of cytoplasm and an innermost region of DNA

Question 2

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

Bacteria, internal membrane enclosed

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 3

Cells of protists, plants, fungi and animals are eukaryotic. Have a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed compartments.

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

Diverse protein filaments reinforce a cell’s shape and keep its parts organized.

Question 5

Cell Theory (text)

Answer 5

a foundation of modern bio, states cells re the fundamental unit of all life

Question 6

Cell Theory four generalizations

Answer 6

Every living organism consists of one or more cells
smallest unit of life
all living cells come from division of other, pre existing cells
cells contain hereditary material

Question 7

Cell

Answer 7

the smallest unit that shows the properties of life

Question 8

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 8

divided into various functional compartments, including a nucelus

Question 9

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

usually smaller, simpler, none has a nucleus

Question 10

Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

the cell’s outer membrane. Separates metabolic activities from events outside of the cell, but does not isolate the cell’s interior. Water, CD, and Ox can cross.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

double membraned sac holds a eukaryotic cell’s dna.

Question 12

Nucleoid

Answer 12

The DNA inside prokaryotic cells is concentrated in a region of cytoplasm

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

A semifluid mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins between plasma membrane. Suspend cell components

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

structure where proteins are built

Question 15

Surface to volume ratio

Answer 15

strongly influences cell size and shape. An object’s volume increase with the cube of its diameter, but its surface area increases only with the square.

Question 16

Lipid bilayer

Answer 16

Structural foundation of all cell membranes, double layer of lipids organized so that their hydrophobic tails are sandwiched between their hydrophilic heads

Question 17

Phospholipids

Answer 17

most abundant type of lipid in cell membrane

Question 18

Modern Microscopes

Answer 18

curved glass lenses bend light and focus it as a magnified image of the specimen

Question 19

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 19

electrons passing through thin slice of specimen illuminate a fluorescent screen.

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

slender cellular structures used for motion. A bacterial flagellum moves like a propeller that drives cell

Question 21

Pili

Answer 21

project from the surface of some bacterial species, helps cling to or move across surfaces. (one sperm)

Question 22

Biofilms

Answer 22

Single celled organisms live in a shared mass of slime

Question 23

Organelle

Answer 23

Structures inside the cells, for example a nucleus

Question 24

Nucelus

Answer 24

Protecting controlling access to DNA

Question 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 25

Routing, modifying new polypeptide chains; synthesizing lipids; other tasks

Question 26

Golgi Body

Answer 26

Modifying new polypeptide chains; sorting, shipping proteins and lipids

Question 27

Vesicles

Answer 27

Transporting, storing, or digesting substances in a cell; other functions

Question 28

Mitochondrion

Answer 28

Making ATP by sugar breakdown

Question 29

Chloroplast

Answer 29

Making sugars in plants, some protists | Conducts photosynthesis

Question 30

Lysosome

Answer 30

Intracellular digestion

Question 31

Peroxisome

Answer 31

Inactivating toxins

Question 32

Vacuole

Answer 32

dispose of waste

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

Assembling polypeptide chains

Question 34

Centriole

Answer 34

Anchor for cytoskeleton

Question 35

Rough ER

Answer 35

modifies proteins

Question 36

Smooth ER

Answer 36

makes lipids, breaks down carbs

Question 37

golgi body

Answer 37

ships lipids, enzymes and secretes proteins

Question 38

Chloroplast

Answer 38

Specializes in photosynthesis

Question 39

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 39

Pore riddled double membrane that controls which substances enter and leave the nucleus

Question 40

Nucleoplasm

Answer 40

Semifluid Interior portion of the nucleus

Question 41

Nucleolus

Answer 41

Rounded mass of proteins and copies of genes for ribosomal RNA used to construct ribosomal subunits

Question 42

Chromatin

Answer 42

Total collection of all DNA Molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus; all of the cell's chromosomes

Question 43

Chromosome

Answer 43

One DNA molecule and many proteins associated with it | we have 46 chromosomes

Question 44

Endomembrane system

Answer 44

set of organelles that makes, modifies, and transport proteins and lipids. Main function is to make lipids, enzymes and proteins for secretion or insertion into cell membrane.

Question 45

Vesicles

Answer 45

small, membrane-enclosed, saclike organelles. Transport substances from one organelle to another

Question 46

Peroxisomes

Answer 46

contains enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids

Question 47

Plastids

Answer 47

membrane enclosed, function in photosynthesis or storage in plants like chloroplast

Question 48

Central Vacuole

Answer 48

keeps leaves firm, fluid pressure.

Question 49

Primary wall

Answer 49

secreting strands of cellulose into the coating.

Question 50

Cuticle

Answer 50

protective body covering made of cell secretions

Question 51

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 51

supports and anchors cells, separates tissues, and functions in cell signaling

Question 52

Cell junction

Answer 52

structures that connect a cell to other cells and to the environment

Question 53

Cytoskeleton

Answer 53

reinforce, organize and move cell structures

Question 54

Microtubules

Answer 54

are long, hollow cylinders that consist of subunits of the protein tubulin

Question 55

Microfilaments

Answer 55

strengthen or change shape of eukaryotic cells

Question 56

Cell cortex

Answer 56

A reinforcing mesh under the plasma membrane

Question 57

Motor proteins

Answer 57

move cell parts in a sustain direction when they are repeatedly energized by ATP

Question 58

Robert Hooke

Answer 58

First to visualize non living cells through a microscope to sketch and name cells

Question 59

Anton Van

Answer 59

Fancy glass

Question 60

Robert Brown

Answer 60

first to identify a cell nucleus

Question 61

DNA purines

Answer 61

Adenine and guanine

Question 62

DNA primidines

Answer 62

Thymine and cytosine