Micro final

Question 1

viral meningitis cause

Answer 1

RNA virus in the genus enterovirus.

Coxackie A virus, B virus and echoviru

Question 2

Viral meningitis symptoms/signs

Answer 2

similar to those of bacterial meningitis but more mild. (fever, meningeal inflammation, increased wbc in csf)

Question 3

encephalitis cause

Answer 3

rabies, herpes, dengue, aids, yellow fever.

Question 4

encephalitis symptoms/signs

Answer 4

fever, headache, drowsiness, lethargy, coma, tremors, stiff neck

Question 5

Botulism cause

Answer 5

botulinum

Question 6

botulism s/s

Answer 6

foodborne, infant, and wond.

Question 7

foodborn botulism

Answer 7

progressive paralysis on both sides of the body. slow recovery from growth of new nerve cell endings

Question 8

infant botulism

Answer 8

results from the ingestion of endospores, nonspecific symptoms

Question 9

wound botulism

Answer 9

contamination fo a wound by endospores. symptoms are similar to foodborne botulism

Question 10

tetanus cause

Answer 10

clostridium tetani

Question 11

teanus s/s

Answer 11

tightening of the jaw (lockjaw). spasms and contractions may spread to other muscles. irregular heartbeat and blood pressure and profuse sweating may occur

Question 12

hansen’s disease (leprosy) cause

Answer 12

mycobacterium leprae

Question 13

hanse’s disease s/s

Answer 13

tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy

Question 14

tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 14

nonprogressive form of the disease. strong cell mediated immune response

Question 15

lepromatous leprosy

Answer 15

more virulent form of the disease. weak cell mediated immune response

Question 16

Polio cause

Answer 16

poliovirus

Question 17

polio s/s

Answer 17

asymptomatic: 90% of cases
Minor: nonspecific symptoms 
nonparalytic: muscle spasms and back pain
paralytic: produces paralysis
Postpolio: can be debilitating

Question 18

brucellosis cause

Answer 18

brucella melitensis strains

Question 19

brucellosis s/s

Answer 19

fluctuating fever that spikes every afternoon

Question 20

Yersnia pestis

Answer 20

causes pneumonia, called pneumonic plague

Question 21

Infectious mononucleosis cause

Answer 21

epstein-barr virus (ebv or hhv-4)

Question 22

infectious mononucleosis s/s

Answer 22

severe sore throat and fever occur initially. followed by swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, appetite loss, and a skin rash

Question 23

schistosomiasis cause

Answer 23

caused by 3 species of schistosoma

Question 24

schistosomiasis s/s

Answer 24

swimmers itch may occur at infection site. eggs deposited throughout body can cause other symptoms

Question 25

diphtheria cause

Answer 25

corynebacterium diphteriae

Question 26

diphtheria s/s

Answer 26

sore throat, localized pain, fever, presence of pseudomembrane that can obstruct airways

Question 27

Neisseria meningitidis characteristic s

Answer 27

gram negative cocci, known as meningococcus

Question 28

neisseria meningitidis virulence factors

Answer 28

fimbriae, capsule, and lipligosaccharide help the bacteria attach to cells

Question 29

francisella tularensis characteristics

Answer 29

gram negative cocci, survives within infected cells

Question 30

francisella tularensis virulence factors

Answer 30

endotoxin

Question 31

streptococus pyogenes characteristics

Answer 31

it is a respiratory diseas, and a group A streptococi

Question 32

Streptococus pyogenes virulence

Answer 32

m proteins, hyaluronic acid capsule, streptokinases, c5a peptidase, pyrogenic toxins, streptolysin.

Question 33

streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics

Answer 33

bacterial pneumonias, pneumococal pneumonia enters the lungs

Question 34

streptococcus pneumoniae virulence

Answer 34

adhesins, capsule, pneumolysin

Question 35

streptoccus agalactiae at risk

Answer 35

patients that have not taken penicillin at birth (newborns)

Question 36

listeria monocytogenes at risk

Answer 36

pregnant women, fetuses, newborns, and the elderly or immunocompromised

Question 37

Neisseria meningitides at risk

Answer 37

newborns

Question 38

toxoplasma at risk

Answer 38

fetus

Question 39

pnemocystis at risk

Answer 39

AIDS patients

Question 40

viral meningitis diagnosis

Answer 40

diagnosed by characteristic signs and symptoms in the absence of bacteria in the CSF

Question 41

viral encephalitis diagnosis

Answer 41

diagnosis based on signs and symptoms. confirmed by presence of abrovirus-specific antibodies in CSF

Question 42

Rabies treatment

Answer 42

treated with human rabies immunoglobulin, vaccine injections, and cleansing infection site

Question 43

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Answer 43

primarily supportive

Question 44

viral encephalitis reservoir/host

Answer 44

reservoir: zoonotic disease (pigs), rarely affect humans host: blood sucking anthropoids (mosquitos)

Question 45

Yellow fever reservoir/host

Answer 45

reservoir: liver of human host: aedes mosquito

Question 46

dengue fever reservoir/host

Answer 46

reservoir: humans host: aedes mosquito

Question 47

hantavirus reservoir/host

Answer 47

reservoir: humans, via blood host: mice, via inhalation

Question 48

primary amebic meningoencephalopathy transmission

Answer 48

enter host through abrasions on the skin or the eyelid or by inhalation of contaminated water

Question 49

blastomycosis transmission

Answer 49

enters body through inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores

Question 50

Legionella transmission

Answer 50

domestic water soruces

Question 51

septicemia:

Answer 51

any microbial infection of the blood that produces illness

Question 52

bacteremia:

Answer 52

bacterial septicemia

Question 53

toxemia

Answer 53

release of bacterial toxins into the blood

Question 54

coccidioidomycosis

Answer 54

southwestern U.S and northern Mexico

Question 55

Blastomycosis

Answer 55

eastern U.S

Question 56

Histoplasmosis

Answer 56

prevalent in the eastern U.S some parts in south america, and big in Africa