Flashcards in Ch 10 Classification of Microorganisms Deck (32):
1
What are the classic and moderns approaches to microorganisms?
Classic - behavior approach
Modern - gene approach
2
What does taxa mean?
A similar taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.
3
What does a viral species mean?
A population with similar characteristics.
4
What does serology mean?
The study of blood serum, especially with regard to the immune response.
5
What does phage mean?
A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.
6
What are the two parameters that describe gel electrophoresis?
Smaller size travels farther
Brighter is higher concentration
7
How many different organisms are there?
1.5 million
8
What do all organisms have in common?
Cells surrounded by plasma membrane
Use ATP
Store genetic information as DNA
9
What is systematic phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
10
What are the three domains?
Eukarya-unicellular or multicelluar w nucleus
Bacteria-unicelluar wo nucleus
Archaea-unicellular wo nucleus
11
What are traits of archaea?
Prokaryotes
No peptidoglycan in cell walls
Live in extreme environments
Unusual metabolic processes
12
What are the traits of eukaryotes?
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animala
13
What are the traits of viruses?
Not composed of cells
Use the host to multiply
14
What percentage of microorganisms have been discovered?
1%
15
What are serological tests?
Slide agglutination
Lance field
ELISA
Western Blot
16
What is phage typing?
Phage typing is a method used for detecting single strains of bacteria. It is used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections.
17
What is flow cytomerty?
Flow cytometry is a technology that is used to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. Cell components are fluorescently labelled and then excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths.
18
DNA base pair composition
Composition of guanine + cytosine.
19
What is special about fatty acid profile?
Consistent for a particular species
20
What is flow cytometry?
Flow cytometry is a technology that is used to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through at least one laser. Cell components are fluorescently labelled and then excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths.
Pseudomonas
21
What is meant by DNA fingerprints?
Restriction enzymes
Comparison of a number of size and fragments
22
What is taq polymerase?
Taq polymerase is an enzyme that copies DNA.
23
What does nucleic acid hybridization mean?
Ability of DNA strands from one organism to hybridize to others
24
What does taxonomy mean?
The branch of science concerned with classification of organisms.
25
What are the differences between taxonomy and phylogeny?
Taxonomy focuses more on characteristics the organisms have in common,
Phylogeny focuses more on evolutionary relationships
26
State Linnaeus's system of classification
Eight taxa: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
27
State Woese's system of classification
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
28
What is a bacterial strain?
A strain is a genetic variant
29
What is meant by PCR probe?
Probe: single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules of specific base sequence
30
What is a cladogram?
A branching diagram showing the relationship between species.
31
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts".
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