Ch. 13: Blood System

Question 1

Define plasma

Answer 1

liquid portion of blood
- contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, vitamins

Question 2

Define erythrocyte

Answer 2

red blood cell

Question 3

Define leukocyte

Answer 3

white blood cell

Question 4

Define thrombocyte

Answer 4

platelet

Question 5

Define stem cells

Answer 5

unspecialized cell
- gives rise to mature, specialized forms

Question 6

Define hemoglobin

Answer 6

blood protein containing iron
- carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 7

Define bilirubin

Answer 7

orange-yellow pigment in bile
- from the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Question 8

Define polymorphonuclear

Answer 8

pertaining to white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus
- neutrophil

Question 9

Define antibodies

Answer 9

specific protein from lymphocytes in response to bacteria/virus/other antigen

Question 10

Define antigens

Answer 10

substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 11

Define albumin

Answer 11

protein in the blood

Question 12

Define edema

Answer 12

swelling

Question 13

Define coagulation

Answer 13

blood clotting

Question 14

Define agglutination

Answer 14

the clumping of blood cells

Question 15

Define differentiation
What is it also known as?

Answer 15

change in structure and function of a cells as it matures

• specialization

Question 16

Define hypochromia

Answer 16

pertaining to the reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 17

Define cytology

Answer 17

study of cells

Question 18

Define erythrocytopenia

Answer 18

deficiency of red blood cells

Question 19

Define hemolysis

Answer 19

destruction of red blood cells

Question 20

Define hematocrit

Answer 20

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Question 21

Define hemoglobinopathy

Answer 21

disease of hemoglobin

Question 22

Define leukocytopenia

Answer 22

deficiency of white blood cells

Question 23

Define thrombocytopenia

Answer 23

deficiency of platelets in the blood

Question 24

Define plasmapheresis

Answer 24

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

Question 25

Define monoblast

Answer 25

immature monocyte

Question 26

Define erythrocytosis

Answer 26

increased number of red blood cells than normal in the blood

Question 27

Define electrophoresis

Answer 27

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Question 28

Define hematopoiesis

Answer 28

formation of cells

Question 29

Define hemostasis

Answer 29

stopping the flow of blood

Question 30

Define blood dyscrasia

Answer 30

disease of the blood

Question 31

Define anemia

Answer 31

without blood

Question 32

Name the different types of anemia conditions

Answer 32

- aplastic anemia - hemolytic anemia - pernicious anemia - sickle cell anemia - thalassemia

Question 33

Define aplastic anemia What are the main causes?

Answer 33

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow - unknown, idiopathic - may be linked to benzene exposure or antibiotics

Question 34

Define hemolytic anemia What are some examples?

Answer 34

reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction - spherocytic enemia

Question 35

Define pernicious anemia

Answer 35

lack of mature erythrocytes - from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Question 36

Define sickle cell anemia What are some serious complications? Who's most at risk?

Answer 36

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin - produces sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis - cells are sticky and can form clumps that reduce or block the flow of blood - stroke, less blood flow through the lungs - most common in Africans

Question 37

Define thalassemia Where is is most common?

Answer 37

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production - leads to hypochromia - Mediterranean/ Asian

Question 38

Define hemophilia

Answer 38

excessive bleeding - from hereditary lack of factors for blood clotting - VIII and IX

Question 39

Define purpura

Answer 39

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 40

Define leukemia What are some examples? Why is acute worse than chronic?

Answer 40

increase in cancerous white blood cells - acute/chronic myeloid leukemia - acute/chronic lymphoid leukemia - more fast growing

Question 41

Define multiple myeloma

Answer 41

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow - production of antibodies that destroy bone tissue

Question 42

What can be used to treat leukemia?

Answer 42

- bonemarrow transplant

Question 43

What are some coagulation tests?

Answer 43

- bleeding time - coagulation time - partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - prothrombin time (PT)

Question 44

Define bleeding time

Answer 44

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

Question 45

Define coagulation time

Answer 45

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

Question 46

Unabbreviate and define PTT

Answer 46

partial thromboplastin time - measures other clotting factors

Question 47

Unabbreviate and define PT

Answer 47

prothrombin time - test the ability of blood to clot

Question 48

Unabbreviate CBC

Answer 48

complete blood count

Question 49

Unabbreviate ESR

Answer 49

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 50

Unabbreviate Hct

Answer 50

hematocrit

Question 51

Unabbreviate WBC

Answer 51

white blood cell count

Question 52

Unabbreviate WBC with diff

Answer 52

white blood cell differential count

Question 53

Unabbreviate T&C

Answer 53

type and crossmatch

Question 54

Unabbreviate Hb, Hgb

Answer 54

hemoglobin test

Question 55

Unabbreviate DIC

Answer 55

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 56

Unabbreviate H&H

Answer 56

hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 57

Unabbreviate RBC

Answer 57

red blood cells count