Chp. 3 Book Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Define abdominal/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
Define acr/o
A
extremities/top/extreme point
3
Q
Define acu/o
A
sharp/severe/sudden
4
Q
Define Aden/o
A
gland
5
Q
Define adip/o
A
fat
6
Q
Define amni/o
A
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
7
Q
Define Angi/o
A
vessel
8
Q
Define arteri/o
A
artery
9
Q
Define arthr/o
A
joint
10
Q
Define axill/o
A
armpit
11
Q
Define bi/o
A
life
12
Q
Define blephar/o
A
eyelid
13
Q
Define bronch/o
A
bronchial tubes
14
Q
Define carcin/o
A
cancer
15
Q
Define chem/o
A
drug/chemical
16
Q
Define chondr/o
A
cartilage
17
Q
Define chronic/o
A
time
18
Q
Define col/o
A
colon (large intestine)
19
Q
Define cyst/o
A
urinary bladder
20
Q
Define encephal/o
A
brain
21
Q
Define erythr/o
A
red
22
Q
Define hem/o
A
blood
23
Q
Define hepat/o
A
liver
24
Q
Define hydr/o
A
water
25
Define inguin/o
groin
26
Define isch/o
to hold back
27
Define lapar/o
abdomen/abdominal wall
28
Define cerebr/o
cerebrum (large part of brain)
29
Define crani/o
skull
30
Define psych/o
mind
31
Define laryng/o
larynx
32
Define lymph/o
lymph
33
Define mamm/o, mast/o
breast
34
Define morph/o
shape
35
Define muc/o, my/o
muscle
36
Define myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
37
Define necr/o
death
38
Define nephr/o
kidney
39
Define neur/o
nerve
40
Define neutr/o
neutrophil (white blood cell)
41
Define ophthalm/o
eye
42
Define opi/o
opium
43
Define ot/o
ear
44
Define path
disease
45
Define peritone/o
peritoneum
46
Define phag/o
to eat/swallow
47
Define phleb
vein
48
Define plas/o
formation/development
49
Define pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs)
50
Define pneumon/o, pulmon/o
lungs
51
Define radi/o
x-ray
52
Define rect/o
rectum
53
Define ren/o
kidney
54
Define rhin/o
nose
55
Define sarc/o
flesh
56
Define splen/o
spleen
57
Define staphyl/o
clusters
58
Define strept/o
twisted chains
59
Define thromb/o
clot
60
Define tonsill/o
tonsils
61
Define ven/o
vein
62
Define coccyg/o
tailbone
63
Define phalang/o
phalange (finger/toe)
64
What is the singular form for:
nucleus
bronchus
thrombus
- nuclei
- bronchi
- thrombi
65
Define karyotype
study chromosomes
66
Define iron deficiency anemia
iron is needed to make hemoglobin
67
Define sickle cell anemia
abnormal sickle shape erythrocytes that clog blood vessels
68
Define aplastic anemia
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow
69
What is the spleen composed of?
disposed?
- lymph tissue
- blood vessels
- white blood cells to fight disease
- dying red blood cells
70
How does slpenomegaly occur?
- infections (mononucleosis, liver disease, blood disease)
71
Define mononucleosis
virus infects lymph nodes
72
What organ an be removed and other organs can perform it's fucntion?
spleen
73
Define ptosis of the upper eye (blepharoptosis)
- congenital (at birth), aging, stroke, cranial nerve damage
- drooping of the eyelid
74
What is stroke
cerebrovascular accident
75
What does a laparotomy usually remove?
-appendix
- gallbladder
76
Opioid is also known as?
What types are there?
Define it
- narcotics
- heroin
- fentanyl
- oxycodone (oxycotin)
- hydrocodone (Vicodin)
- codeine
- morphine
- brain receptors to alleviate pain
77
define narc/o
stupor/sleep
78
What medication treats opioid addiction?
What medication treats an overdose of opioids?
- buprenorphine
- narcan (naloxone)
79
Arteries carry rich-oxygenated blood from which direction?
heart to body
80
Arteries narrow to form ___ that branch into ___
- arterioles
- capillaries
81
Where does oxygen leave the blood and enter cells?
capillaries
82
Capillaries branch into ___ that then lead to ___
- venules
- veins
83
what is the function of venules?
carry poor-oxigenated blood to veins
84
What is the function of veins?
carry poor-oxygenated blood back to the heart
85
A tumor from breast cancer found in lymph nodes is called?
breast cancer metastasis
86
Which lymph node is cancer most likely to spread to?
sentinel axillary lymph node
87
Define hernia
protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ's cavity it's stationed in
88
define hiatal hernia
the stomach protudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
89
Define inguinal hernia
part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region
90
Define cystocele
part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall
- weakens pelvic muscles
91
Define rectocele
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
92
Define omphalocele
herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel
- usually in infants at birth
93
define omphal/o
umbilicus
94
What are the symptoms of streptococcus's two groups
1.
- strep throat
- tonsillitis
- rheumatic fever
- kidney aliments
2.
- infections in teeth, in sinuses, in valves of heart
95
What are the symptoms of staphylococci?
- internal or external lesions
96
Define abscess
- collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein at infection
97
What staphylococcal condition is difficult to treat with antibiotics?
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
98
define diplococci
What types are there?
berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs
- pneumococci
- gonococci
99
Define gon/o
seed
100
define pneumococci
- cause bacterial pneumonia
101
define gonococci
- invades the reproductive organs
- gonorrhea
102
What type of bacteria is rod shape?
Clostridium difficile bacteria (C. difficile infection)
103
What are the symptoms of Clostridium difficile bacteria?
What's the most common way to obtain the disease? Why?
- inflammation of the colon, severe diarrhea disease
- taking antibiotics for a long period of time
- bacteria can become resistant
104
In order to restore normal bacteria in digestive tract, what type of transplant may be necessary?
fecal transplant
105
What type of coccal bacteria are gram-positive bacteria (maintain light purple stain)
- streptococci
- staphylococci
106
What type of coccal bacteria is gram-negative bacteria
diplococci
107
Where are erythrocytes produced?
bone marrow
108
What is an important protein in erythrocytes that carries oxygen through the bloodstream?
hemoglobin
109
Define globin
protein
110
What are the category types of leukocytes?
- granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells)
- mononuclear cells
111
What are the sub-category types of leukocytes?
granulocyte (polymorphonuclear cells)
- eosinophils
- basophils
mononuclear cell
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
112
Define granulocytes
- dark-staining granules in cytoplasm
- multilobed nucleus
- in bone marrow
113
Define eosinophils
- granules stain red with acidic stain
- increase amount in allergic conditions (asthma)
114
Define basophils
- granules stain blue with basic stain
- increase during the healing phase of inflammation
115
Define neutrophils
- granules stain pale purple with neutral stain
- most important/numerous disease-fighting cells
- phangocytes
- multibodied nucleus
116
define eosin/o
rosy
117
define bas/o
basic
118
Define phag/o
eating/swallowing
119
Define poly
many
120
Define mononuclear cells
- one large nucleus
- few granules in cytoplasm
- produced in bone marrow, lymphnodes, and sleen
121
Define lymphocytes
- fight disease by producing antibodies
- may attach to foreign cell to destroy
- T cells and B cells
- with AIDS, depletion of T cells
122
Define monocytes
- engulf and destroy cellular debris after attacking foreign cells
- leave blood stream, enter tissues (macrophages: large phagocytes)
123
What type of cells are formed in bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting?
- thrombocytes (platelets)
124
What is one major visual difference between erythrocytes and leukocytes
erythrocytes lack a nucleus
125
define acromegaly
- endocrine disorder
- pituitary gland produces excessive amount of growth hormones after puberty
- hand, feet, and face effected
126
What is the result of overproduction of pituitary growth hormones in childhood?
gigantism
127
define laparoscopy for tubal ligation
interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes
128
Define vaginal speculum
keeps the vaginal cavity open
129
Define uterine cannula
tube placed into uterus to manipulate it
130
Define forceps
placed through laparoscope to grasp or move tissue
131
define tracheostomy
- an opening into the trachea
- insertion of tube to assist air flow
132
Define adenoids
small masses of lumphatic tissue in pharynx
133
Define -oid
resembling
134
what are tonsils
lymphatic tissue
