Ch. 15: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Define Hypercalcemia

Answer 1

increased calcium in the blood

Question 2

Define kyphosis

Answer 2

abnormal condition of a humpback

Question 3

Define laminectomy

Answer 3

excision of lamina of the vertebral arch

Question 4

Define lordosis

Answer 4

abnormal condition of a swayback

Question 5

Define osteitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the bone

Question 6

Define scoliosis

Answer 6

abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine

Question 7

Define vertebroplasty

Answer 7

repair of compression fractures of the vertebrae

Question 8

Define lumbar

Answer 8

pertaining to the lower back

Question 9

Define osteoblast

Answer 9

cell synthesizes collagen to form bone tissue

Question 10

Define osteoclast

Answer 10

cells that break down bone to remove bone tissue

Question 11

Define osteomalacia

Answer 11

softening of the bone

Question 12

Define acetabular

Answer 12

pertaining to the hip joint

Question 13

Define carpal

Answer 13

pertaining to the wrist bones

Question 14

Define femoral

Answer 14

pertaining to the femur

Question 15

Define Ewing sarcoma
Who is most at risk?
What are some of the type of treatments?
Is the a potential cure?

Answer 15

rare malignant tumor arising in bones

• found in children
• treatment: radiation/chemo
• if metastasis doesn’t occur

Question 16

Name the different types of fractures
What are some treatments?

Answer 16

• simple closed fracture
• compound open fracture

treatment:
- close reduction
- open reduction

Question 17

What the difference between open and closed fractures?

Answer 17

open: can see bone (protruding out of skin)
closed: can’t see bone

Question 18

Define fracture

Answer 18

traumatic breaking of a bone

Question 19

Define closed reduction

Answer 19

manipulative reduction without surgical incision

Question 20

Define open reduction

Answer 20

an incision make for access to the fracture cite

Question 21

Why are casts applied to fractures?

Answer 21

to mobilize an injury after a closed reduction

Question 22

Unabbreviate ORIF

Answer 22

open reduction internal fixation

Question 23

Define osteosarcoma
Who is most at most at risk?

Answer 23

malignant tumor arising from the osteoblast
- at the ends of the long bones

• in children

Question 24

Define osteomyelitis
Who is most at risk?

Answer 24

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
- secondary to infection (near end of long bone)
- bacteria enters through wound

• children

Question 25

Define osteoporosis When are women most at risk?

Answer 25

decrease in bone density - thinning and weakening of the bone - older women from estrogen deficiency (metapause)

Question 26

Define ankylosis

Answer 26

stiffing of a joint

Question 27

Define arthroplasty

Answer 27

surgical repair of the joint

Question 28

Define bursitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the bursa

Question 29

Define achondroplasia

Answer 29

without cartilage formation

Question 30

Define chondromalacia

Answer 30

softening of cartilage in the joints and breaks down

Question 31

Define synovitis

Answer 31

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Question 32

Define tenorrhaphy

Answer 32

surgical suturing of the tendon

Question 33

Define ankylosing spondylitis What type of medicine helps?

Answer 33

Chronic progression of arthritis with stiffening of the joints - mainly in spine - antiflammatory drugs

Question 34

Define gouty arthritis What does it cause?

Answer 34

inflammation of painful swelling in joints - from crystals - rapid deterioration of articular cartilage

Question 35

Define osteoarthritis

Answer 35

progressive degenerative joint disease - loss of articular cartilage

Question 36

Define rheumatoid arthritis Who's most at risk? How is it diagnosed? Types of treatment?

Answer 36

chronic joint condition of inflammation and pain - from autoimmune reaction against joint tissue - civinal membrane - most common in men - blood tests/x-rays - heat application drug/aspirin

Question 37

Define bunion

Answer 37

enlargement of the toe and tissue around the joint at the base of the toe - from un-fit shoes

Question 38

Define carpal tunnel syndrome treatment?

Answer 38

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist - surgery

Question 39

Define dislocation:

Answer 39

displacement of a bone from its joint - shoulder/hip

Question 40

Define ganglion cyst

Answer 40

fluid filled sac arising from a joint/capsule of a tendone

Question 41

Define Lyme disease treatment?

Answer 41

chronical occurent disorder - severe arthritis/myalgia/melace - from bacteria carried by a tick - antibiotics/antiviral

Question 42

Define fasciotomy

Answer 42

incision of facia

Question 43

Define fibromyalgia

Answer 43

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles/joints/fibrous tissue

Question 44

Define leiomyoma

Answer 44

benign smooth muscle tumor

Question 45

Define myalgia

Answer 45

muscle pain

Question 46

Define myocardial

Answer 46

pertaining to the heart muscle

Question 47

Define atrophy

Answer 47

decrease in the size of an organ or tissue

Question 48

Define hypertrophy

Answer 48

increase in the size of an organ or tissue

Question 49

Define muscular dystrophy How is it detected? Who is most effected?

Answer 49

group of inherited diseases - progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers - not involve with nervous system - muscle biopsy/electrography - mainly men

Question 50

Define polymyositis

Answer 50

chronic inflammatory myopathy - muscle weakness pain, rash around eyes/face/limbs - autoimmune disorder

Question 51

Unabbreviate ESR

Answer 51

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 52

Unabbreviate and define RF

Answer 52

rheumatoid factor test - serum test for antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis

Question 53

Define uric acid test

Answer 53

measures uric acid in serum

Question 54

Define arthrocentesis

Answer 54

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint

Question 55

Define arthrography

Answer 55

taking x-ray images after an injection of contrast material into the joint

Question 56

Define arthroplasty

Answer 56

surgical repair of the joint

Question 57

Define arthroscopy

Answer 57

visual examination of the joint

Question 58

Define bone density test What can it detect?

Answer 58

low energy x-ray obsorbtion in bones - spinal column, pelvis, wrist - measure bone mass - osteopenia/osteoporosis

Question 59

Define bone scan What another name for it? What does it detect?

Answer 59

uptake of a radioactive substance - measured in the bone - bone scintigraphy - tumor, infection, stress factors

Question 60

Define muscle biopsy

Answer 60

removal of muscular tissue for microscopic examination - detect abnormalities/disease

Question 61

Unabbreviate ACL

Answer 61

anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Question 62

Unabbreviate BKA

Answer 62

below-knee amputation

Question 63

Unabbreviate CTS

Answer 63

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 64

Unabbreviate DTRs

Answer 64

deep tendon reflexes

Question 65

Unabbreviate IM

Answer 65

intramuscular

Question 66

Unabbreviate OA

Answer 66

osteoarthritis

Question 67

Unabbreviate RA

Answer 67

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 68

Unabbreviate SLE

Answer 68

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 69

Unabbreviate ortho

Answer 69

orthopedics