Chapter 6: Additional Digestive Info.

Question 1

Define cholangiectasis

Answer 1

dilation of the bile duct

Question 2

Define hematemesis

Answer 2

vomiting blood

Question 3

Define hemolysis

Answer 3

breaking down the blood

Question 4

Define dyspepsia

Answer 4

painful digestion

Question 5

Define polyphagia

Answer 5

excessive eating

Question 6

Define dysphagia

Answer 6

difficulty with swallowing

Question 7

Define hemoptysis

Answer 7

spitting up blood

Question 8

Define hemorrhage

Answer 8

loss of large amounts of blood in a short period of time

Question 9

Define menorrhagia

Answer 9

excessive bleeding during menses

Question 10

Define herniorrhaphy

Answer 10

suture of the hernia

Question 11

Define diarrhea

Answer 11

to flow through

Question 12

Define pylorospasm

Answer 12

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles at the distal region of stomach

Question 13

Define pyloric stenosis

Answer 13

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

Question 14

Define atresia

Answer 14

no opening

Question 15

Define anastomosis

Answer 15

a surgical/natural communication between two hollow vessels

Question 16

What are some types of laboratory tests for the digestive system?

Answer 16

• liver function test (LFTs)
• stool culture
• stool guaiac test/hemoccuit test

Question 17

Define liver function test (LFTs)

Answer 17

test for enzymes and bilirubin in blood

Question 18

Define stool guaiac test for hemoccuit test

Answer 18

test that detects hidden blood in feces

Question 19

Define bilirubin

Answer 19

• yellow-orange pigment
• produced in liver when RBCs break down

Question 20

Define sercum bilirubin

Answer 20

bilirubin levels elevated with liver disease and jaundice

Question 21

Define stool culture

Answer 21

test for microorganisms in stool

Question 23

What are three types of clinical procedures (x-ray) for the digestive system?

Answer 23

• lower gastrointestional series (barium enema)
• upper gastrointestinal series
• cholangiography

Question 24

Define lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)

Answer 24

• x-ray image of the colon and rectum
  injection of barium into colon

Question 25

Define upper gastrointestinal series

Answer 25

- x-ray image of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestines - administer barium orally

Question 26

Define cholangiography

Answer 26

- x-ray examination of the biliary system - injection of contrast into bile duct

Question 27

Define endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 27

- contrast medium administered through oral catheter tube - pass through esophagus, stomach, duodenum, bile duct

Question 28

Define abdominal ultrasonography

Answer 28

sound wave beamed into abdomen - image of abdominal viscera

Question 29

Define viscera

Answer 29

internal organs

Question 30

Define gastric bypass

Answer 30

reduce size of stomach and divert food to jejunum

Question 31

Define gastrointestinal endoscopy

Answer 31

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract - use endoscope

Question 32

Define laparoscopy

Answer 32

visual examination of the abdomen - use laparoscope inserted through incision in abdomen

Question 33

Define liver biopsy

Answer 33

removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination

Question 34

Define nasogastric intubation

Answer 34

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

Question 35

Define paracentesis (abdominocentesis)

Answer 35

puncture to remove fluid from abdomen

Question 36

Define murphy's sign

Answer 36

- positive response to pain indicated cholecystitis - take deep breaths while palpating the RUQ under the rib

Question 37

Define rebound tenderness

Answer 37

- deep palpation of the abdomen with sudden release - increase of pain denotes peritoneal inflammation

Question 38

Define mcburney's sign or point

Answer 38

between umbilicus and right iliac spine - pressure causes pain: appendicitis

Question 39

Define ausculation

Answer 39

listen with a stethoscope - hear bowel sounds for abnormalties

Question 40

Unabbreviate BE

Answer 40

barium enema

Question 41

Unabbreviate BM

Answer 41

bowel movement

Question 42

Unabbreviate CT

Answer 42

computed tomography

Question 43

Unabbreviate EGD

Answer 43

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Question 44

Unabbreviate ERCP

Answer 44

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 45

Unabbreviate G-tube

Answer 45

gastrostomy tube (feeding tube)

Question 46

Unabbreviate GB

Answer 46

gallbladder

Question 47

Unabbreviate GERD

Answer 47

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 48

Unabbreviate IBD

Answer 48

inflammatory bowel disease

Question 49

Unabbreviate IBS

Answer 49

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 50

Unabbreviate MRI

Answer 50

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 51

Unabbreviate NG tube

Answer 51

nasogastric tube

Question 52

Unabbreviate PEG tube

Answer 52

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Question 53

Unabbreviate NPO

Answer 53

nothing by mouth

Question 54

Unabbreviate PEJ tube

Answer 54

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube