ch. 13 emotions, stress, and health Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions
- borrowed from the color wheel
- half-watermelon of emotion = intensity
- primary: fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, acceptance
- secondary is when you mix 2 (ex: submission, awe, remorse, love)
James Lange theory of emotions
- linear theory; one step leads to the next
- perceived stimulus -> bodily responses -> experienced emotion
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
- emotions occur simultaneously with physiological changes (rather than deriving from body changes)
- paralyzed people feel emotion but with less intensity
Schachter & Singer theory of emotion
perceived stimulus leads to body arousal, which along w/ a cognitive label, leads to experienced emotion
what did Darwin say about human facial expressions?
facial expressions are universal
Paul Ekman
- expert on body-language and non-verbal cues
- his ideas were featured in “Lie To Me” TV show
- “true smile” (w/ crinkle in the eye) = the Duchenne smile
- 18 different smiles
Duchenne smile
truly happy, not fake, smile (has crinkle in the eye)
what is stress
psychological wear and tear on the body due to the demands placed on it
life events checklist
- Holmes and Rahe, 1967
- major life events in past year or 2 -> stress score
- health checklist did not correlate w/ amount of stress
- did not take into account the minor daily hassles and the different individuals coping mechanisms
cognitive appraisal
- Richard Lazarus
- how you think ab something (how you appraise a situation) determines how stressful it is
conflicts
too many decisions and choices creates stress
frustration
blocking of goal-directed behavior
environmental sources of stress
heat, humidity, noise, crowding, particularly when unexpected, unpredictable, uncontrollable
3 sources of stress
conflict, frustration, and environmental factors
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- 3 stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
1. alarm: animal realizes there’s a major source of stress
2. resistance: all-out effort to combat that source of stress + find solution
3. exhaustion: when resistance fails -> fight-or-flight response suppresses the immune system
coping with stress: social factors
- have one or more supportive relationships (someone you can talk to when stressed)
- sense of belonging (to a group) -> community, club, family, etc
coping with stress: cognitive factors
- problem vs. emotion focus (focusing on solving problem vs getting emotional)
- sense of commitment (to an idea) (working towards a goal)
- internal locus of control
Type a
individuals who are hard-driving, competitive, hostile, time urgent, and demanding of both themselves, and others, as described by Friedman and Rosenman in their study of coronary heart disease
High time urgency, but hostility is the real issue
learned helplessness
- Martin Seligman
- Inappropriate generalization of non-control from one situation to another
what is psychological hardiness + 3 factors
resistant to the damages of stress
3 variables:
* having a sense of commitment vs. alienation
* having an internal locus of control
* having a problem-focused coping style
what is health psychology
applying psychology to the healthcare industry
subsections of psychoneuroimmunology
Psychobiology/Biopsychology
Behavioral Medicine
Health Psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
psychobiology / biopsychology
study of mind-body interactions
what book came out in 1979 that started the new field of research and practice of health psychology?
“Health Psychology” lol
