ch 15 therapy

Question 1

what is psychotherapy?

Answer 1

any process of working w/ an individual to improve their psychological functioning

Question 2

techniques used in psychotherapy

Answer 2

talking, listening, interpreting, suggesting, reinforcing, demonstrating, role playing, medication, journal writing

Question 3

psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Technique developed by Freud in which an individual’s revelations of normally unconscious cognitions are interpreted
* hydraulic model -> symptom substitution; need to resolve underlying problem to reduce pressure in the system
* unresolved conflicts cause problems (conflicts b/w id, ego, superego)
* focus on unconscious mind + early experience (sexual development)
* highly directive -> therapist-centered
* more techniques: Free Association + Dream Analysis
* necessary condition: transference; patient must relate to therapist in a way that reproduces important past relationships
* Resistance: any effort by patient to prevent therapist from uncovering true source of problem
* Catharsis: sudden release of tension by releasing painful things

Question 4

humanistic therapies

Answer 4

encourage self-examination + growth. focus on conscious thought, the present and future

Question 5

Rogerian therapy (client-centered therapy)

Answer 5

• real self vs ideal self
• unconditional positive regard is the goal
• non-directive: therapist doesn’t tell you what to do, just uses active listening; reflecting what was said (not probing, evaluating, interpreting, or reassuring)
• necessary conditions: empathy, acceptance, and genuineness

Question 6

Gestalt therapy (Fritz Perls)

Answer 6

• the whole -> watch body language, observe clothing, etc
• more directive + confrontational, but still places responsibility for change on the client
• goal: knock people out of their current thinking, get them to change their thinking

Question 7

transactional analysis

Answer 7

• “I’m OK, You’re OK” book by Thomas Harris MD 1967
• good people can disagree ab really important things and can still be good people
• inner child + inner parent are not helpful
• inner child: whining, self-centered brat
• inner parent: lecturing, spouting “tapes”
• inner adult: the mature part of you
• transactions: interactions b/w 2 people; observe when your inner child/parent comes out when talking to another person

Question 8

cognitive therapy

Answer 8

thoughts are the main source of abnormal behavior; identify non-productive thinking

Question 9

rational-emotive therapy (Albert Ellis)

Answer 9

• irrational + self-defeating beliefs
• ex: focusing on what you don’t have

Question 10

cognitive therapy (Aaron Beck)

Answer 10

• identify distorted self-labels
• the BDI (Beck’s Depression Inventory)

Question 11

behavioral therapy

Answer 11

therapy based in the assumption that maladaptive behavior has been learned and can therefore be unlearned

Question 12

systematic desensitization

Answer 12

• Pavlovian conditioning -> exposure therapy, behavior therapy
• aversive conditioning (bad habits)

Question 13

frontal lobotomy

Answer 13

frontal lobe is where impulses are generated (violent criminals have poor impulse control) -> cut connection b/w frontal lobe + aggression center

Question 14

electro convulsive treatment (ECT)

Answer 14

• electrically-induced seizure to treat severe depression
• theory is tat we’re all on a continuum; middle is normal, one end is hallucinating, and the other end is seizures

Question 15

psychoactive drugs

Answer 15

drugs that have the effect of altering perceptions and behavior by changing conscious awareness; affect you psychologically

Question 16

psychotherapeutic drugs

Answer 16

psychoactive drugs for the purpose of treating you

Question 17

anti-psychotic drugs

Answer 17

• meant to stop psychotic breaks + hallucinations
• Thorazine = Chlorpromazine in 50s+60s
• Haldol is the newer version

Question 18

anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 18

• also called axiolytics
• Librium (addictive, opium-based), Miltown, Valium, Xanax

Question 19

advantages of group therapy over individual therapy

Answer 19

Less Expensive
More Effective
Good Ideas
Good Role Models
Less Pressure
You’re Not Alone

Question 20

deinstitutionalization

Answer 20

giving people drugs and medicine so patients can leave mental hospital
* promised to build a mental health center in every neighborhood
* mentally ill people ended up in jail instead

Question 21

false memory syndrome

Answer 21

recovering a memory during therapy that never happened
* recall Elizabeth Loftus -> barn, implanted memory